Schisanhenol has antioxidative effect on human LDL oxidation, may be through scavenging free radicals; it also has anti-apoptosis effect on BACSs, may be related to its inhibition of ROS generation. Schisanhenol can protect against adriamycin induced heart mitochondrial toxicity.

Notoginsenosides Fa and R4 show significant neurite outgrowth enhancing activities in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

Gypenoside XVII confers protection against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity through estrogen receptor-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt pathways, inactivation of GSK-3β and activation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathways. Gypenoside XVII has protective effects to the cellular and rodent models of Alzheimer's disease by activating TFEB.

Tenuifoliside A has anti-apoptotic,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory effects, it inhibits the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Tenuifoliside B is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Tenuifoliside B has cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects. it can inhibit potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Polygalaxanthone XI is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia.

Escin Ib inhibits gastric emptying, at least in part, mediated by capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, to stimulate the synthesis and/or release of dopamine, to act through central dopamine2 receptor, which in turn causes the release of PGs.