Sulforaphane is a cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanate with promising antitumor, chemopreventive and therapeutic activities, it inhibits TPA-induced NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression in MCF-10A cells by blocking two distinct signaling pathways mediated by ERK1/2-IKKα and NAK-IKKβ. Sulforaphane may exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cholinergic deficit and cognitive impairment, it also has anti-inflammatory effect, at least ,in part,associated with interfering with the NF-κB pathway. (R)-sulforaphane is a sulforaphane in which the sulfinyl group has R configuration. Naturally occurring compound found in brocolli that acts as a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-sulforaphane.

Brassinolide is a brassinosteroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid and a 23-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as a plant growth stimulator and a plant hormone.

Chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound found ubiquitously in plants, is an antioxidant and metal chelator, it has antiviral activity by inhibiting HBV replication, it inhibits the inflammatory reaction in HSE via the suppression of TLR2/TLR9-Myd88 signaling pathways. Some derivatives of chlorogenic acid are hypoglycemic agents and may affect lipid metabolism, chlorogenic acid can improve glucose tolerance, decrease some plasma and liver lipids, and improve mineral pool distribution in vivo. Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a tannin and a cinnamate ester. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate.

Formononetin is a phytoestrogen, could be used in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has antitumorigenic effects, suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; it also exhibits antiviral activities against some members of Picornaviridae, could inhibit EV71-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via MAPKs pathway including ERK, p38 and JNK. Formononetin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to a daidzein. It is a conjugate acid of a formononetin(1-).

Luteolin is a non-selective phisphodiesterase PDE inhibitor for PDE1-5 with Ki of 15.0 μM, 6.4 μM, 13.9 μM, 11.1 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. Luteolin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and anticancer, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for treating various diseases such as hypertension, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Luteolin inhibits NF-κB, and inhibits interleukin (IL)-1β function induction of the inflammation biomarker cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.

Sauchinone possesses diverse pharmacological properties, such as hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Sauchinone protects skin keratinocytes through inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK signaling via upregulation of oxidative defense enzymes. Sauchinone can be used for the prevention of functional β-cell damage, it prevents cytokine-induced NO production, iNOS expression,JAK/STAT activation,and NF-κB activation and inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).

(-)-Pinoresinol 4-O-glucoside is a natural product from Lonicera japonica THUNB. (+)-Pinoresinol 4-O-glucoside is a glycoside and a lignan.

Scutebarbatine A shows significant antitumor effects on A549 cells in vivo and in vitro via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating expressions of caspase-3 and 9, and down-regulating Bcl-2. Scutebarbatine A and barbatine A show a significant ability to protect cells against H2O2 with ED50 values of 5.0 and 16.8 uM, respectively.

Regaloside C is anti-inflammatory activities. Regaloside C has cardiomyocyte protective activity by protecting the mitochondria in H2O2-induced heart H9C2 cells.

Polydatin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer activities, which has favorable potency to develop a hypolipemic and/or hepatoprotective agent in clinic. It is a mitochondria protector for acute severe hemorrhagic shock treatment, the neuronal mitochondrial injury is involved in the genesis of severe shock. Polydatin has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart, the cardioprotection of polydatin is mainly mediated by cNOS which leading to an increase in NO production. Trans-piceid is a stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a metabolite, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a potassium channel modulator, a hepatoprotective agent and a nephroprotective agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a polyphenol, a stilbenoid and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a trans-resveratrol.

Hesperidin has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective,and anticarcinogenic effects, it induces apoptosis and triggers autophagic markers through inhibition of Aurora-A mediated phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signalling cascades in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Hesperidin also exerts its protective effect against CYP-induced hepatotoxicity through upregulation of hepatic PPARγ expression and abrogation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Hesperidin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a mutagen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyflavanones, a rutinoside, a monomethoxyflavanone, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a hesperetin.

Syringic acid is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. It has potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic,antimicrobial, fungitoxicity, neuroprotective, antimitogenic, chemo-sensitizing, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-steatotic, and memory-enhancing properties. Syringic acid can ameliorate L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension by reducing oxidative stress, and can reduce the pancreatic damage induced by alloxan and stimulated β-cell regeneration in diabetic rats. Syringic acid can suppress hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver injury, it inhibits the activation of cultured hepatic stellate cells. Syringic acid is a dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzoic acids, a member of phenols and a dimethoxybenzene. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a syringate.

Edpetiline is a natural product from Petilium eduardi.

Caftaric acid is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interactions mediated by the Src-family kinases, which has anti-mutagenicity. Caftaric acid is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods, it before methamphetamine injections can prevent liver toxicity and oxidative stress.

Gomisin O is a natural product from Schizandra chinensis.

Turkesterone is a phytoecdysteroid possessing an 11alpha-hydroxyl group, also is an analogue of the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. It has immunomodulating and antistress activity, can increase the adaptation capacity of mice under immobilization-induced stress conditions.

5-O-feruloylquinic acid is a potent Sirt1 agonist, it is a potential lead compound that can be further tested in drug development process for diseases associated with aging.

Cyclocurcumin, a curcumin derivative, exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating abilities and is a potential compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as predicted by the MM-PBSA method. It may have a therapeutic potential as a novel antivasoconstrictive natural product. Cyclocurcumin offers higher neuronal protection than curcumin, they both reduced the level of ROS caused by MPP+ treatment.