Ethylparaben is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, used as an antifungal preservative and food additive. It is a standardized chemical allergen, has a certain reproductive toxicity to F0 male Drosophila.The physiologic effect of ethylparaben is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Ethylparaben is an ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol. It has a role as an antifungal agent, an antimicrobial food preservative, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an ethyl ester and a paraben.

Chikusetsusaponin IVa is a novel AMPK activator, can induce insulin secretion from βTC3 cells via GPR40 mediated calcium and PKC pathways, may be developed into a new potential for therapeutic agent used in T2DM patients.Chikusetsusaponin IVa exerts antithrombotic effects, including minor hemorrhagic events. Chikusetsusaponin-IVa is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Quassin has female anti-fertility properties, possibly acting via inhibition of estrogen secretion. Quassin alters the immunological patterns of murine macrophages through generation of nitric oxide to exert antileishmanial activity. It also exhibits P. falciparum inhibitory activity (IC50=0.06 micro g/ml, 0.15 micro M). Quassin possesses anti-anaemic property, it can significantly increase red blood cell count, pack cell volume and haemoglobin concentration.