Gossypol is an effective natural antimicrobial agent against a wide range of potential fungal pathogens of cotton.Gossypol shows a significant increase in accumulation of acidic vesicular organelle, is a promising drug that induces autophagic cell death in radioresistant malignant glioma.Gossypol binds to Bcl-xL protein and Bcl-2 protein with Kis of 0.5-0.6 μM and 0.2-0.3 mM, respectively. Gossypol is an aldehyde, a hydroxynaphthalene, a polyphenol and a hexol. It has a role as an antispermatogenic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite.

Protosappanin A has anti-oxidative/nitrative activities on brain immune and neuroinflammation through regulation of CD14/TLR4-dependent IKK/IκB/NF-κB inflammation signal pathway; it exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia. Protosappanin A induces immunosuppression of rats heart transplantation targeting T cells in grafts via NF-kappaB pathway. Protosappanin A and protosappanin B have antimicrobial activity, they show both alone activities and resistance reversal effects of amikacin and gentamicin against MRSA. Protosappanin A shows strong effect against HIV-1 IN with an IC50 value of 12.6 uM. Protosappanin A is a member of catechols. It has a role as a metabolite.

Isoginkgetin is a biflavonoid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation between position 8 of one molecule of 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone and the 3' position of another. Found in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, it is a potent inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor. It is an aromatic ether and a biflavonoid. It is functionally related to a 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone. Isoginkgetin is a MMP-9 inhibitor, also a pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor with IC 50 of 30 uM. Isoginkgetin can up-regulate adiponectin secretion with potency comparable to that of rosiglitazone, a known modulator of adiponectin production. Isoginkgetin has anti-tumor activity, it can inhibit tumor cell invasion by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression.

Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2, a hydroxy substituent at position 3 and two methyl groups at positions 9 and 13. An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Potently inhibits lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NFB activation. Also shown to inhibit topoisomerase II activity in vitro (IC50 = 7.41 M). Celastrol is a potent proteasome inhibitor for the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. Celastrol is also a novel HSP90 inhibitor, it has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor , antiangiogenesis, and antioxidant activities. Celastrol inhibits Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and inhibits VEGF receptors expression.

Yadanzioside L shows strong antiviral activity.

Butylscopolamine bromide is an organic bromide salt of butylscopolamine. It is an antispasmodic drug which can relieve painful stomach cramps (including those linked with irritable bowel syndrome), bladder and menstrual cramps. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a quaternary ammonium salt and an organic bromide salt. It contains a butylscopolamine. Scopolamine butylbromide is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) with an IC50 of 55.3 ± 4.3 nM, it possesses anticholinergic, and anti-tumor effects, it used as an abdominal-specific antispasmodic agent. Scopolamine butylbromide is effective in preventing succinylcholine-induced bradycardia in infants and children.

Nitidine chloride has protective effects on rats during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, it also exerts an anti-inflammatory property by inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in association with reduced NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. It has inhibitory effects on various tumors, such as renal cancer , breast cancer.

Arvenin i is an organic molecular entity.

Cucurbitacin D has anticancer effects, it induces apoptosis through caspase-3 and phosphorylation of JNK in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cucurbitacin D may be a potential therapeutic agent for β-hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia. Cucurbitacin D is a new inflammasome activator in macrophages, it can initiate immunomodulating activity in macrophages to lead to inflammasome activation as well as enhancement of LPS signaling. Cucurbitacin D is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a cucurbitacin and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane.

Rubropunctatine is a member of cyclohexenones.

Mitraphylline has antiproliferative effects on human glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines. It also has anti-inflammatory activity, it inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils.

Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that has been shown to suppress the proliferation of various cancer cell lines at the concentration (IC50) range of 0.2-4 μM, including those of breast, glioma, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, colon. Pristimerin exhibits inhibitory effects against diverse phytopathogenic fungi, it shows good preventive effect and curative effect against wheat powdery mildew in vivo. It has a wide spectrum of targets including ROS, IKK, NF-κB, Akt, mTOR, Bcr-Abl.