Homovanillic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a member of guaiacols and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a homovanillate. Homovanillic acid is used as a reagent to detect oxidative enzymes, and is associated with dopamine levels in the brain. Abnormalities in white matter were associated with low CSF Homovanillic acid.

Pulchinenoside A3 is a triterpenoid. Anemoside A3 is an attractive candidate for further development as a cognitive enhancer capable of alleviating memory dysfunctions associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Anemoside A3 also produces relaxation in rat renal arteries through multiple mechanisms.

Amygdalin is an amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is functionally related to a (R)-mandelonitrile. Amygdalin has antifibrotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of Amygdalin or HSYA. Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax. Amygdalin is a plant glucoside isolated from the nucleus of rose fruits, such as apricots, peaches, almonds, cherries, and plums.