Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Benzoylpaeoniflorin is active against cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and COX-2 enzymes, it can restrain apoptosis of rats with coronary heart diseases by increasing the levels of Bc1-2 and decreasing the levels of Bax. Benzoylpaeoniflorin is a terpene glycoside. It has a role as a metabolite.

Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement, one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)activity. It induced a down regulation of TLR-2 ,TLR-4,TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-10,NF-κB and caspase. It showed the potent inhibition of CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam). Limonin is a member of furans, a lactone, an epoxide, a limonoid, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a hexacyclic triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite, a volatile oil component and an inhibitor.

Dihydromethysticin non-competitively inhibits the specific binding of [3H]-batrachotoxinin-A 20-alpha-benzoate to receptor site 2 of voltage-gated Na+ channels.The induction of CYP3A23 by dihydromethysticin and desmethoxyyangonin involves transcription activation, probably through a pregnane X receptor (PXR).-independent or PXR-involved indirect mechanism. Dihydromethysticin is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Linderane is a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2C9.