Solasonine displays leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Solasonine is a steroid, an azaspiro compound and an oxaspiro compound.

Chelerythrine is a well-known protein kinase C inhibitor, can inhibit telomerase activity, it also can block the human P2X 7 receptor. Chelerythrine has antimanic, potential antiproliferative and antitumor effects, it has significant cytotoxic effect, independent of p53 and androgen status, on human prostate cancer cell lines. Chelerythrine chloride is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid.

7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxycamptothecin is a member of the class of pyranoindolizinoquinolines that is (4S)-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14-dione bearing two additional ethyl substituents at positions 4 and 11 as well as two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 9. It is the active metabolite of irinotecan and is ~1000 times more active than irinotecan itself. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a drug metabolite, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin shows cytotoxicity against breast cancer, it efficiently target-bind to the colon and lungs of mice.

6-Shogaol has anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects, it can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis. 6-Shogaol induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in relation to caspase activation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, affects the ER stress signaling by regulating unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor PERK and its downstream target eIF2α.

Methyl protodioscin has anti-thrombosis, antiosteoporotic, anti-myocardial infarction, and cytotoxic activities. Methyl protodioscin shows strong cytotoxicity against most cell lines from solid tumors with GI50 ≤10.0 microM, but moderate cytotoxicity is shown against leukemia cell lines with GI50 10-30 microM. It potentially increase HDL cholesterol while reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, it also can treat diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases.

Rubitecan is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug and an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor. It is a delta-lactone, a tertiary alcohol, a C-nitro compound, a pyranoindolizinoquinoline and a semisynthetic derivative. Rubitecan is a novel oral inhibitor of topoisomerase I in the camptothecin class. It shows antitumour activity in patients with refractory pancreatic cancer who have failed prior treatments.

Cinobufotalin is a main cardiac toxin in toad, it is a novel anti-HCC agent, it induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cultured HCC cells through ceramide production. Cinobufotalin is also an effective reversal agent for the multidrug resistance of tumors, it can reverse the adriamycin-resistance in Raji/ADR cells and the expression of P-gp and MRP-1 proteins. Cinobufotalin can promote the dendritic cells(DCs) derived from peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B to mature and effectively enhance its(the DCs') capabilities, therefore the treatment of cinobufotalin may potentiate the antiviral immunity of the patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).

Trigonelline chloride, an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee. Trigonelline hydrochloride reduces diabetic auditory neuropathy by affecting β cell regeneration.

4-Methylumbelliferone is a hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 mM, which has antitumoral and antimetastatic effects. 4-Methylumbelliferone may inhibit the phosphorylation of HAS2 by PKC through the stimulation of O-GlcNAcylation; it also similarly ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia partly by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and the antioxidant defense system along with increasing adiponectin levels. 4-methylumbelliferone is a hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone substituted by a methyl group at position 4. It has a role as a hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is functionally related to an umbelliferone.

Morellic acid has anti-cancer activity, it strongly inhibited the migration of HUVEC at a low concentration of 0.5 μM in HUVEC cell migration assay in vitro. Morellic acid also has antiangiogenic activity.

N-methylnicotinate is an iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a food component and a human urinary metabolite. It is an alkaloid and an iminium betaine. It is functionally related to a nicotinate. It is a conjugate base of a N-methylnicotinic acid. Trigonelline (1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate), an alkaloid present in coffee and fenugreek seed, exhibits phytoestrogenic, anti-adipogenesis, and anticancer activities, it also can reduce early glucose and insulin responses. Trigonelline has inhibition of the Nrf2 transcription factor and PPAR-γ.

Eupalinolide B demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against A-549, BGC-823, SMMC-7721, and HL-60 tumour cell lines.Eupalinolide B and Eupalinolide A induce the expression of HSP70 via the activation of HSF1 by inhibiting the interaction between HSF1 and HSP90, they could be beneficial for use in cosmetics and medicines as a consequence of their inhibitory action on UV-induced skin damage and melanin production.

Cyclopamine is a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway antagonist with an IC50 of 46 nM in the Hh cell assay, it can increase levels of p27, and decreases both expression of IGF-II and activation of Akt in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Cyclopamine as a novel, potent inhibitor of human breast cancer proliferation and estrogen responsiveness that could potentially be developed into a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. Cyclopamine also can suppress the growth of leukemia and lymphoma cells. Cyclopamine is a member of piperidines. It has a role as a glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor.

Sophoridine has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-arrhythmia, and affects the immune and central nervous systems. Early and short-time applying sophoridine has neuroprotective effect min permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) rat brain by down-regulating TRAF6 and up-regulating p-ERK1/2 expression, ameliorating brain infaction and edema. Sophoridine also possesses antiviral activities against Coxsackievirus B3, by regulating cytokine expression, may represent a potential therapeutic agent for viral myocarditis.

Alizarin has a selective and effective inhibitory activity towards cancerous cells, it acts through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase. Alizarin has antigenotoxic activity, which can be explained by inhibition of CYP activities responsible for activating the mutagens.

Akeboside Std is a triterpenoid.

Phellodendrine has the effect of suppressing cellular immune response, reducing blood pressure and antinephritis, it also has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Phellodendrine can suppress local semisyngeneic GvH reactions and systemic allogeneic GvH reactions in X-ray irradiated recipient mice, it also can suppress the induction phase of sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in mice and tuberculin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, Phellodendrine can down-regulating AKT, IKK, NF-kB phosphorylation and COX-2 expression induced by AAPH, it also ameliorates the ROS-mediated inflammatory response.

Cucurbitacin I inhibits Aurora kinase A, Aurora kinase B and survivin, induces defects in cell cycle progression and promotes ABT-737-induced cell death in a caspase-independent manner in malignant human glioma cells. Cucurbitacin I elicits the formation of actin/phospho-myosin II co-aggregates by stimulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and inhibition of LIM-kinase, it promotes strong CD8(+) T-cell responses and cures highly aggressive lymphoma. Cucurbitacin I may inhibit P-gp-mediated transport and interact with P-gp substrates in the intestinal absorption process. Cucurbitacin I is a cucurbitacin that is 9,10,14-trimethyl-4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-2,5,23-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 16, 20 and 25 and oxo groups at positions 1, 11 and 22. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a cucurbitacin.