Bufalin a major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of the Chinese medicine Chan Su; has been shown to exert a potential for anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines in vitro. Bufalin is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 and SRC-1, it also as a potentially broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitor for cancer. Bufalin can partly reverse the MDR of K562/VCR cells, with a possible mechanism of down-regulating MRP1 expression and activating apoptosis pathway by altering Bcl-xL/Bax ratio. Bufalin is a 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a cardiotonic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid and a 14beta-hydroxy steroid. It is functionally related to a bufanolide.

Periplogenin plays protective roles against thyrotoxicosis and associated cardiovascular problems, are mediated through its direct antithyroidal and/or LPO inhibiting properties. Periplogenin induces necroptotic cell death through oxidative stress in HaCaT cells and ameliorates skin lesions in the TPA- and IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse models.

7-Epitaxol is the major derivative of taxol found in cells and taxol (paclitaxel) is a well-known natural-source cancer drug.

Angoroside C has anti-inflammatory effect , it can significantly inhibit LPS-induced PGE(2), NO and TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner; it also exhibits cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against several kinds of cancer cells. Angoroside C has beneficial effects against ventricular remodeling, the mechanism is likely to be related to decreasing the level of Ang Ⅱ, attenuating the mRNA expressions of ET-1 and TGF-β1. Angoroside C is a phenylpropanoid glycoside extracted from Scrophularia ningpoensis, which is beneficial for ventricular remodeling.

Phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate is a phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. Phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and SphK. Phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate is an NF - κ B activator. Phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate can induce differentiation of THP-1 cells (which has been validated by MCE professional biological experiments).

Avicularin is a quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is an alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, a tetrahydroxyflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a quercetin O-glycoside. Avicularin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of ERK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells; it inhibits the accumulation of the intracellular lipids by decreasing C/EBPα-activated GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes and potently inhibiting fatty acid synthase.

Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, a cofactor, a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a carotenoid beta-end derivative and a cyclic carotene.

L-citrulline is the L-enantiomer of citrulline. It has a role as a micronutrient, a protective agent, a nutraceutical, an EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a D-citrulline. It is a tautomer of a L-citrulline zwitterion.

The cardiac glycosides digitoxin and digoxin have been used in cardiac diseases for many years, digitoxin also has growth inhibition activity in three human cancer cell line, digitoxin activates pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative signaling cascades and cell cycle arrest. Digitoxin could as a candidate drug for suppressing IL-8-dependent lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF), it can suppress hypersecretion of IL-8 from cultured cystic fibrosis (CF) lung epithelial cells, the specific mechanism is to block phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-kappa.Digitoxin actively inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication with a 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.05 microM, the inhibitory effects of digitoxin are likely to be introduced at the early stage of HSV-1 replication and the virus release stage. Digitoxin is a cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a digitoxigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a digitoxin(1-).

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a conjugate acid of a 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is naturally isolated and has antioxidant, DNA protective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid exhibits apoptosis mediated cytotoxicity and alpha glucosidase inhibition. 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid has a unique antiviral mechanism by increasing TRAIL to enhance virus clearance.

Forskolin is a ubiquitous activator of eukaryotic adenylyl cyclase (AC) in a wide variety of cell types, commonly used to raise levels of cAMP in the study and research of cell physiology. Forskolin has antitumor, antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions, it may cause genotoxic effects. Chronic administration of Forskolin can decrease fasting blood glucose levels, it is effective in preventing diet induced obesity. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, a plant metabolite, a protein kinase A agonist and an adenylate cyclase agonist. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a triol, a labdane diterpenoid, a cyclic ketone and an acetate ester.

Benzoylhypaconine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as a xenobiotic, a phytotoxin, a plant metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a rat metabolite. It is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, a triol, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane.

Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a vasodilator agent, a drug metabolite, an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an immunomodulator, a muscle relaxant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. Theophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, which is the most widely used anti-asthma drug worldwide and is classified as a bronchodilator. It has antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions, it also can antagonize flurazepam-induced depression of cerebral cortical neurons.

Digoxin is a cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a cardiotonic drug, an epitope and an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. Digoxin is a classical Na,K-ATPase inhibitor, with selectivity for the α2β3 isoform over the common α1β1 isoform, used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Digoxin and other cardiac glycosides can inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α synthesis and block tumor growth.

Fuziline shows significant insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata legen and Aphis medicagini. Fuziline shows activity against pentobarbital sodiuminduced cardiomyocytes damage by obviously recovering beating rhythm and increasing the cell viability. Fuziline is a diterpene alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aconitane.

8-Geranopsoralen is a terpene lactone.

Baicalin is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of baicalein. It is an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. It has a role as an antiatherosclerotic agent, an anticoronaviral agent, an EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antineoplastic agent, a prodrug, a neuroprotective agent, an EC 3.4.21. Baicalin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotection actions, it is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, affects the GABA receptors, and reduces the expression of NF-κB. Baicalin may have significant therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.