Chebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity; it also is a natural inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-A mediated angiogenesis. Chebulinic acid has hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-HIV, and anti-ulcer activities. Chebulinic acid has inhibitory effect on erythroid differentiation likely through changing transcriptional activation of differentiation relative genes, it or other tannins might influence the efficiency of some anti-tumor drugs-induced differentiation or the hematopoiesis processes.

Hecogenin, a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana, is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of UGT1A4 with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM. Hecogenin has anti-cancer, antiproliferative,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it can protect gastro by K⁺(ATP) channels opening and the COX-2/PG pathway. Hecogenin has inhibition of human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cell survival, the effect is associated with increased apoptosis, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2.

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Glycyrrhizic acid has anti-tumor, antiviral ,antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory,anti-diabetic activities. It is a direct HMGB1(high mobility group box 1) inhibitor that inhibits HMGB1-dependent inflammatory molecule expression and oxidative stress; modulates P38 and P-JNK but not p-ERK signalling; Also inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a tricarboxylic acid, an enone and a triterpenoid saponin. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhizinate(3-).

Isosinensetin shows antioxidant and HIV-1 protease inhibiting activities. Isosinensetin is an ether and a member of flavonoids.

Atractylenolide III, a potential house dust mite control agent, has neuroprotection, gastroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, it also may control immunological reactions by regulating the cellular functions of IL-6 in mast cells. It inhibited nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mouse macrophages, and inhibited Lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF- α and NO production in macrophages. Atractylenolide III is a natural product found in Atractylodes lancea. It has a role as a metabolite.

Ginkgotoxin is a member of pyridines.

Polygodial is an aldehyde.

Lupeol palmitate is a natural product from Ligularia songarica.

Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-glucuronide is a triterpenoid saponin that is the 3-O-beta-glucuronide of glycyrrhetic acid. It is a metabolite of glycyrrhizin contained in licorice and potentially a causative agent in the pathogenesis of pseudoaldosteronism. It has a role as an EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor, a sweetening agent, an anti-allergic agent, a plant metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite.

Tetrahydrocoptisine is an active anti-inflammatory constituent by inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production possibly via down-regulation of NF-κB activation, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-p38MAPK signal pathways.Tetrahydrocoptisine has gastroprotective activity, is attributed to reducing NO production and adjusting the pro-inflammatory cytokine, inhibited neutrophil accumulation and NF-κB expression.

Tulipalin A is a butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position. It has a role as an anti-ulcer drug and a gastrointestinal drug.

Cupressuflavone is a biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities. It has a role as a metabolite, a radical scavenger and an EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyflavone, a ring assembly and a biflavonoid. Cupressuflavone has hepatoprotective, analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects. Cupressuflavone could exert a beneficial effect against oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense status, reducing lipid peroxidation, and protecting against the pathological changes induced by CCl4 in the liver and kidney tissues.

Rutaecarpine is an inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM, and is also a potent inhibitor of CYP1A2. Rutaecarpine has anti-atherosclerosis, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, vasorelaxing, antihypertensive and anti-platelet effects. Rutaecarpine has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the guinea-pig isolated right atria, possible involvement of vanilloid receptors. Rutaecarpine may be useful in the prevention of ultraviolet A-induced photoaging, it inhibits ultraviolet A-induced reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in the enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in human skin cells.

3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid is a benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is a member of benzoic acids and a member of methoxybenzenes. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate.

Ganoderic acid T-Q and TR are two inhibitors of H5N1 and H1N1 NAs.

Bisabolangelone has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activities, it inhibits dendritic cell functions by blocking MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Bisabolangelone has antimelanogenic activity, the cAMP-binding site of PKA as a putative target ameliorating melanocyte-specific hyperpigmented disorder. Bisabolangelone has anti-ulcer activity, it is possible that bisabolangelone inhibited the activity of the H(+)/K(+)-ATPase, then reducing the secretion of H(+). It also inhibits the activity of 5alpha-reductase type I in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 11.6 microg/ml).