Physcion is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. Physcion shows cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and its apoptosis induction in HeLa cells was investigated by the expressions of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves.

Lacto-N-triaose is an oligosaccharide.

Patchouli alcohol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of the mRNA expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. Patchouli alcohol significantly accelerates the recovery of the UV-induced skin lesions, evidently through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action, as well as down-regulation of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. Patchouli alcohol is a carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer). It is a sesquiterpenoid, a tertiary alcohol and a carbotricyclic compound.

Glycyrrhizic acid has anti-tumor, antiviral ,antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory,anti-diabetic activities. It is a direct HMGB1(high mobility group box 1) inhibitor that inhibits HMGB1-dependent inflammatory molecule expression and oxidative stress; modulates P38 and P-JNK but not p-ERK signalling; Also inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Glycyrrhizinic acid is a triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a glucosiduronic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a tricarboxylic acid, an enone and a triterpenoid saponin. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhizinate(3-).

Tsugaric acid A can significantly inhibit superoxide anion formation in fMLP/CB-stimulated rat neutrophils, it is also able to protect human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light, indicates that tsugaric acid A can protect keratinocytes from photodamage.

Tumulosic acid is a triterpenoid.

Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis.

Tacrolimus (anhydrous) is a macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent and a bacterial metabolite. Tacrolimus versus ciclosporin are primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients.

Sophoricoside has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bone loss, and immunosuppressive effects. Sophoricoside is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and may find utility in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Sophoricoside exposure reduced the number of implanted embryos in a dose-dependent manner and failed the embryo implantation through altering the morphology of uterine and compromising the endometrial receptivity. Sophoricoside is an acrovestone and an isoflavonoid.

Glycyrrhetinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an oxo group at position 11 and a carboxy group at position 30. It has a role as an immunomodulator and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a cyclic terpene ketone. It is a conjugate acid of a glycyrrhetinate. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

Cimifugin evidently inhibits FITC-induced type 2 allergic contact dermatitis,and its mechanism might related to regulating the balance of Th1 /Th2 by inhibiting type 2 cytokines. Cimifugin displayed low to moderate inhibition towards AChE and BChE (3.12 and 21.63%, respectively) at 200 ug/mL. Cimifugin is an organic heterotricyclic compound and an oxacycle.

Fraxinellone is a selective blocker of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, which possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and vasorelaxing activities, Fraxinellone exhibits a variety of insecticidal activities including feeding-deterrent activity, inhibition of growth, and larvicidal activity. It inhibited the production of iNOS, COX-2, NF-kappa B, and PGE(2).

Secoxyloganin is a secoiridoid glycoside that is [(2R,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-vinyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]acetic acid in which the anometric hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It has been isolated from several plant species and exhibits antioxidant and anti-allergic properties. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-allergic agent and a plant metabolite. Secoxyloganin possesses hepato- protective, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities, it has the perfect protective effect on PRRSV infected cell and with the minimum protection concentration of 6. 25 Âμg/mL.

Cimifugin evidently inhibits FITC-induced type 2 allergic contact dermatitis,and its mechanism might related to regulating the balance of Th1 /Th2 by inhibiting type 2 cytokines. Cimifugin displayed low to moderate inhibition towards AChE and BChE (3.12 and 21.63%, respectively) at 200 ug/mL.

Taraxasterol acetate is a triterpenoid. It has a role as a metabolite.