Timosaponin A-III is a natural product found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides. It has a role as a metabolite.

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Salvianolic acid E is a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.

Salvianolic acid A has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic effect, and antiplatelet actions. it also has a significant protective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction; it activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in RPE cells and protects against oxidative stress via activation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling. Salvianolic acid A (oral) can significantly improve glucose metabolism and inhibit oxidative injury as well as protect against impaired vascular responsiveness in STZ-induced diabetic rats. It is a novel matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor, can prevents cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Picrocrocin is a beta-D-glucoside of beta-cyclocitral; the precursor of safranal. It is the compound most responsible for the bitter taste of saffron. It is functionally related to a beta-cyclocitral.

Harmine hydrochloride has potent anti-cancer effects in glioblastoma cells, which is at least partially via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.

Rosmarinic acid has antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-lipid peroxidative, apoptotic,and antioxidant activities. It is used for food preservation, and to treat peptic ulcers, arthritis, cataract, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, and several human neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress. Rosmarinic acid has the ability to block complement fixation, inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity and inhibit the expression of CCL11 and CCR3 by suppressing the IKK-β activity in NF-κB activation signaling. It inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. (R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a geroprotector and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid.

Skimmin has anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it can significantly improve renal function and suppress the IgG deposition as well as the development of glomerular lesions in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis; it also can suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, and may slow down the renal fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1 signal pathway.

Lyciumin B is a cyclic peptide.

Formononetin is a phytoestrogen, could be used in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has antitumorigenic effects, suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; it also exhibits antiviral activities against some members of Picornaviridae, could inhibit EV71-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via MAPKs pathway including ERK, p38 and JNK. Formononetin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to a daidzein. It is a conjugate acid of a formononetin(1-).

Astilbin has insecticidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may act as an efficient therapeutic agent for arthritis like cyclosporine A but with less toxicity, its mechanism includes a selective suppression on lymphocyte functions via reducing MMP and NO production. Astilbin can exert an early renal protective role to diabetic nephropathy (DN), inhibit production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).Astilbin also alleviates contact hypersensitivity through a unique mechanism involving a negative cytokine regulation through stimulating IL-10, which is distinct from the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. Astilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a monosaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a (+)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of a neoastilbin.

L-arginine is an L-alpha-amino acid that is the L-isomer of arginine. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, a biomarker, a mouse metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a L-alpha-amino acid, a glutamine family amino acid, an arginine and a proteinogenic amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-argininium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a L-argininate. It is an enantiomer of a D-arginine. L-Arginine is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis. L-Arginine exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect, L-arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A is a C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).

Oxypaeoniflorin is a monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O12, isolated from several species of Paeoniae. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a bridged compound, a lactol, a cyclic acetal, a monoterpene glycoside and a 4-hydroxybenzoate ester. Oxypaeoniflorin in rat plasma and was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study.

Hederasaponin B has antiviral activity, via inhibiting the viral VP2 protein expression and blocking viral capsid protein synthesis. It also has antitumor activity, and it inhibits the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid (AA).

Glucoraphanin, the bioprecursor of the widely extolled chemopreventive agent sulforaphane found in broccoli, it has antioxidant activity, it induces phase-I xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and increases free radical generation in rat liver. Glucoraphanin can ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance through adipose tissue browning and reduction of metabolic endotoxemia in mice. Glucoraphanin and Glucoerucin effectively act as antagonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and this may contribute to their established chemoprevention potency.

Licochalcone A is an estrogenic flavanoid extracted from licorice root, showing antimalarial, antileishmanial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. It could be a promising strategy in treating osteoporotic weight-bearing bones fractures with defects, and be a useful compound for the development of antibacterial agents for the preservation of foods containing high concentrations of salts and proteases, in which cationic peptides might be less effective.