Luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a luteolin. It is a conjugate acid of a luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Cucurbitacin B is a cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23; a hydroxy function at C-25 is acetylated. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, a cucurbitacin and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Cucurbitacin B, an effective HIF-1 inhibitor, has antitumor activity, it inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via STAT3 pathway inhibition in A549 lung cancer cells. It inhibited AKT signaling activation through up-regulation of PTEN.

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a dihydroxybenzaldehyde.

Praeruptorin A exerts neuroprotective, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-inflammatory, distinct relaxant effects, it is beneficial to facilitate nestin expression in myocarditis,and suitable in treatment of early myocarditis. Praeruptorin A can significantly up-regulate UGT1A1 expression in HepG2 cells partially via the CAR-mediated pathway. Praeruptorin A inhibited p38/Akt-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling and PLCγ-independent Ca2+ oscillation.

Naringenin is a weak estrogen that also exhibits partial antiestrogenic activity in the female rat uterus and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Naringenin is also a agent for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Naringenin has hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator properties. Naringenin possesses potent antidepressant-like property via the central serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. (S)-naringenin is the (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an expectorant. It is a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-naringenin(1-). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-naringenin.

Friedelin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic and a plant metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone. Friedelin possesses antioxidant, gastroprotective, anti-diarrhoeal, liver protective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.Friedelin rich fraction (IND-HE) shows estrogenic activity as indicated by vaginal cornification, increase in uterine weight and rise in serum estrogen. Friedelin may be beneficial to mimic insulin action that would be useful in the treatment of diabetes type 2 patients.