Licarin B can improve insulin sensitivity via PPARγ and activation of GLUT4 in the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, it as a promising bioactive for insulin resistance and associated complications through its partial PPARγ activity.

Acetylseneciphylline N-oxide is a pyrrolizine alkaloid that is seneciphylline in which the hydroxy hydrogen has been replaced by an acetyl group and the tertiary amino function has been oxidised to the corresponding N-oxide. It has a role as a Jacobaea metabolite. It is a tertiary amine oxide, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a pyrrolizine alkaloid, an acetate ester, a macrocyclic lactone and an olefinic compound. It is functionally related to a seneciphylline.

Limocitrin is a constituent of citrus fruit peels, belongs to the family of Flavonols.

(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of catechols and a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate.

Rotenone is a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that produces an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Rotenone-induced α-synuclein aggregation is mediated by the calcium/GSK3β signaling pathway. Rotenone can increase intracellular levels of the toxic dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde (DOPAL), via decreasing DOPAL metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and decreasing vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic dopamine by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT). Rotenone is a member of the class of rotenones that consists of 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6(6aH)-one substituted at position 2 by a prop-1-en-2-yl group and at positions 8 and 9 by methoxy groups (the 2R,6aS,12aS-isomer). A non-systemic insecticide, it is the principal insecticidal constituent of derris (the dried rhizome and root of Derris elliptica).

Kukoamine B is a potent dual inhibitor for both Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG DNA), LPS and CpG DNA are important pathogenic molecules for the induction of sepsis,are drug targets for sepsis treatment, thus kukoamine B is worthy of further investigation as a potential candidate to treat sepsis. Kukoamine B may potentially serve as an agent for prevention of several human neurodegenerative and other disorders caused by oxidative stress, it has protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cell injury and potential mechanisms in SH-SY5Y cells.