Jaceosidin has immunosuppressive, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, it is also a microglial inhibitor with anti-neuroinflammation activity. Jaceosidin modulates the ERK/ATM/Chk1/2 pathway, leading to inactivation of the Cdc2-cyclin B1 complex, followed by G2/M cell cycle arrest in endometrial cancer cells. Jaceosidin inhibits T cell proliferation and activation, which is closely associated with its potent down-regulation of the IFN-γ/STAT1/T-bet signaling pathway. Jaceosidin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone with hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6. Isolated from Salvia tomentosa and Artemisia asiatica, it exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis inducing activties. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-allergic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone.

Daphnoretin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is an aromatic ether and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to a coumarin.

Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions. Campesterol is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C28-steroid, a member of phytosterols and a 3beta-sterol. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a campestane.

Licoflavone A is a member of flavones.

Artesunate is a part of the artemisinin group of agents with an IC50 of < 5 μM for small cell lung carcinoma cell line H69. It is a potential inhibitor of STAT-3 and exhibits selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells over normal cells in vitro; A potent inhibitor of EXP1.Artesunate has anti-inflammatory activity, can prevent neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia by interfering with NF-κB and p38 MAPK signalling.

Demethylzeylasteral exhibits strong inhibition towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6 and 2B7, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) are calculated to be 0.6 uM and 17.3 uM for UGT1A6 and UGT2B7, respectively. Demethylzeylasteral has antimicrobial, strong immunosuppressive, and antifertility activities; it concentration-dependently and in a partially reversible manner can inhibit the Ca(2+) current in spermatogenic cells with an IC(50) of 8.8 microg/ml, and it also can inhibit significantly the sperm acrosome reaction initiated by progesterone. Demethylzeylasteral is a carbopolycyclic compound with formula C29H36O6, originally isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii. It has a role as an EC 2.4.1.17 (glucuronosyltransferase) inhibitor, an immunosuppressive agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, a nephroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzenediols, an arenecarbaldehyde, a carbopolycyclic compound, an oxo monocarboxylic acid, a cyclic ketone and an enone.

Oleuropein is a secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). Oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, hypolipidemic, in vitro antimycoplasmal , anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects., it also may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress. Oleuropein prevents oxidative myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion, and reduces viremia in duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks. Oleuropein reduces TLR and MAPK signaling.

Genkwanin has antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, it enhances host immunity, decreases the inflammatory cytokine levels, and regulates the miR-101/MKP-1/MAPK pathway.Genkwanin may have anti-skin ageing activity, it can up-regulate the transcriptional activation of human type vii collagen gene promoter, stimulating the formation of anchoring fibrils at the basement membrane zone in skin contributed to preventing skin ageing; it also induces a decrease of melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity, it could as skin whitening agent in cosmetic preparations. Genkwanin is a monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a genkwanin(1-).

Isobavachalcone has anti-cancer, anthelmintic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, astringent and antiplatelet activities, Isobavachalcone can induce apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma via the mitochondrial pathway; it can significantly inhibit both oligomerization and fibrillization of Aβ42; it can suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2-kDa, polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid, or lipopolysaccharide. Isobavachalcone is a member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent and a platelet aggregation inhibitor. It is a member of chalcones and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a trans-chalcone.

Bavachin is a phytoestrogen that activates the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ with EC50s of 320 and 680 nM, respectively. It is a cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes by activating insulin signaling pathways. Bavachin can stimulate the genetic expression of VEGF in PB,and directly help the fracture healing, and potentially protect cartilage from inflammation-mediated damage in joints of osteoarthritis patients through decreasing IL-1β-induced activation of IKK-IκBα-NF-κB signaling pathway. Bavachin has suppressive effects against pigmentation by melanin in the skin.

Chelerythrine is a well-known protein kinase C inhibitor, can inhibit telomerase activity, it also can block the human P2X 7 receptor. Chelerythrine has antimanic, potential antiproliferative and antitumor effects, it has significant cytotoxic effect, independent of p53 and androgen status, on human prostate cancer cell lines. Chelerythrine chloride is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid.

Costunolide has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-fungal activities, it possesses normo-glycemic and hypolipidemic activity. Costunolide inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing RANKL-mediated c-Fos transcriptional activity; it inhibits IL-1beta gene expression by blocking the activation of MAPKs and DNA binding of AP-1; it also induces the ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition and resultant cytochrome c release,. Costunolide is a germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antiinfective agent, an antiparasitic agent, an anthelminthic drug, an antineoplastic agent and an antiviral drug. It is a heterobicyclic compound and a germacranolide.

Steviolbioside is a beta-D-glucoside that is steviolmonoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucoside moiety has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside. It has a role as an antitubercular agent, a sweetening agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monocarboxylic acid, a bridged compound, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a diterpene glycoside. It is functionally related to a steviolmonoside. Steviolbioside is a natural sweetener, it presents notable inhibition on human hepatocarcinoma cell Hep3B, human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and human pancreatic cancer cell BxPC-3, thus, steviolbioside could be a potential remedy for human breast cancer. Steviolbioside also exhibits moderate antituberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis strain H37RV in vitro.

Asperulosidic acid has been recently used in chinese medicine as a useful drug against some tumors. It has anticlastogenic activity, since the anticlastogenic irridoids have an alpha-unsaturated carbonyl group, this structure is considered to play an important role in the anticlastogenicity. Asperulosidic acid can inhibit the seed germination and growth of seedlings of large crabgrass. Asperulosidic acid, and 6-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose are effective in suppressing 12-O-tedtradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell transformation and associated AP-1 activity. Asperulosidic acid is a glycoside and an iridoid monoterpenoid.

Germacrone has anti-tumor activity, it can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway. Germacrone shows antiviral activity against the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses and the influenza B virus in a dose-dependent manner, exerts an effective protection of mice from lethal infection and reduces the virus titres in the lung. Germacrone also moderately inhibits CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activities in vitro, with IC50 values below 10 uM, and produces two oxidized metabolites and four glutathione conjugates. (E,E)-germacrone is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid that has formula C15H22O. It is a natural product found in traditional medicinal plants of the family Zingiberaceae. The compound exhibits a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-androgenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and insecticidal activities.

Gomisin D is a natural product from Schizandra chinensis.

Triptolide has immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it induces apoptosis in tumor cells by blocking NF-KB activation and sensitizing tumor cells for TNF-a induced programmed cell death, it inhibits TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation and migration of rat airway smooth muscle cells, by suppressing Smad signaling and NF-κB ,respectively. Triptolide is an inhibitor of heat shock factor (HSF1), inhibits HSP90-CDC37 binding and induces acetylation of HSP90, and also inhibits MDM2 expression in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values range from 47 to 73 nM. Triptolide is a diterpenoid, an epoxide, an organic heteroheptacyclic compound and a gamma-lactam. It has a role as an antispermatogenic agent and a plant metabolite.

Hypocrellin A, an a natural perylene quinine photosensitizers (PSs), can chelate with heavy metal ions, including Au(III) and Pt(IV), to form a 1:2 complex. Hypocrellin A has light-induced antitumor,antifungal and antiviral activities, it also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen.

Isobavachin can stimulate osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation; it also can facilitate mouse embryonic stem cells differentiating into neuronal cells, the mechanism involved protein prenylation and, subsequently, phos-ERK activation and the phos-p38 off pathway. Isobavachin possesses estrogen-like activity in MCF-7/BOS cells, it can significantly stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7/BOS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Isobavachin has cytotoxic effects on H4IIE hepatoma and metabolically poorly active C6 glioma cells.