Pellitorine is a potential larvicide with a specific target site and a lead molecule for the control of mosquito populations, it also shows antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 3.3 ug/mL). Pellitorine shows potent antiplatelet aggregation activity, it can suppress expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Pellitorine also shows strong cytotoxic activities against HL60 and MCT-7 cell lines. Pellitorine is a fatty amide. It has a role as a metabolite.

Ajmalicine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H24N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia and Catharanthus species. It is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, an antihypertensive agent and an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is a methyl ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of an ajmalicine(1+).

Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside is a quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a sophoroside and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Pregnenolone is a 20-oxo steroid that is pregn-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 20. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a 20-oxo steroid and a C21-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. Pregnenolone is an endogenous steroid hormone for inhibition of M1 receptor and M3 receptor-mediated currents with IC50 of 11.4 μM and 6.0 μM, respectively. Pregnenolone has memory-enhancing effects, used in the treatment of fatigue, Alzheimer’s disease, trauma and injuries.

Vincamine is a plant alkaloid used clinically as a peripheral vasodilator that increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose utilization by neural tissue to combat the effect of aging. Vincamine has contractile and relaxant actions on the guinea pig trachealis, may be due to the generation of prostaglandins and to changes in the membrane Ca2+ fluxes and/or the intracellular Ca2+ distribution. Vincamine alleviates Amyloid-β 25-35 peptides-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Vincamine is a methyl ester, a vinca alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid ester and a hemiaminal. It has a role as a metabolite, a vasodilator agent and an antihypertensive agent. It is functionally related to an eburnamenine.

Ginsenoside Rg2 has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetic patients, it also may represent a potential neurorestorative treatment strategy for vascular dementia or other ischemic insults, has protective effects against H2O2-induced injury and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Ginsenoside Rg2 suppresses the hepatic glucose production via AMPK-induced phosphorylation of GSK3β and induction of SHP gene expression, regulates the 5-HT3A receptors that are expressed in Xenopus oocytes, inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated Na+ influx and channel activity. Ginsenoside Rg2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an anticoagulant, a plant metabolite and a cardioprotective agent.

Gypenoside XLVI shows strong cytotoxic activity against A549 cells, with the IC50 values of 52.63±8.31 ug/ml.

Tenuifoliside A has anti-apoptotic,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory effects, it inhibits the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine is a N5-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea. It has a role as a geroprotector, a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a tautomer of a N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine zwitterion.

Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer, it is also an Al-chelating substance and a natural antioxidant. Citric acid (1-2 g/kg) can decrease brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation. Citric acid has phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil; citric acid can decrease the adsorption of both lead and cadmium. Dietary citric acid can effectively improve phytate P utilization in chicks. Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a calcium chelator, an antimicrobial agent, a chelator, a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate anion and a citrate(1-).

Tenuifoliside C is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, it significantly inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1.