2''-O-Galloylhyperin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Yohimbic acid is a yohimban alkaloid. It is functionally related to a 17alpha-yohimbol.

Astilbin has insecticidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may act as an efficient therapeutic agent for arthritis like cyclosporine A but with less toxicity, its mechanism includes a selective suppression on lymphocyte functions via reducing MMP and NO production. Astilbin can exert an early renal protective role to diabetic nephropathy (DN), inhibit production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).Astilbin also alleviates contact hypersensitivity through a unique mechanism involving a negative cytokine regulation through stimulating IL-10, which is distinct from the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. Astilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a monosaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a (+)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of a neoastilbin.

Alpha-mangostin is a member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. Alpha-Mangostin has neuroprotective, anti-cancer, antifungal, neuroprotective, renoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Alpha-Mangostin exhibits peripheral and central antinociception through modulation of opioid and vanilloid receptors, the glutamatergic system, and the larginine/NO/cGMP/PKC/K(+)-ATP pathways; it suppresses phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced MMP-2/MMP-9 expressions via alphavbeta3 integrin/FAK/ERK and NF-kappaB signaling pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Alpha-Mangostin is also a novel competitive histamine H1 receptor antagonist in smooth muscle cells. Alpha Mangostin is a dietary ketone with a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti allergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It is an inhibitor of the IDH1 mutant (IDH1-R132H) with a Ki value of 2.85 μ M.

Soyasaponins(Aa, Ab, Af, Ba, Bb, and Bb') together with their derivatives may represent viable candidates for effective vaccine adjuvants due to their higher and lower or non-haemolytic effects.Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.