Daphnoretin is a member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 6 and a (2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is an aromatic ether and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to a coumarin.

Swertianolin is a xanthone that is bellidifolin in which a beta-Dglucopyranosyl residue is attached at position O-8 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Gentiana campestris and Gentiana germanica. It has a role as an antioxidant, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, an aromatic ether, a monosaccharide derivative and a xanthone glycoside. It is functionally related to a bellidifolin. Swertianolin shows anti-acetylcholinesterase activity effects, it shows significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. Swertianolin can scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals with the studying method of the autoxidation of Pyrogallol and afenton.

Schisantherin A, B, C, and D show good effect in lowering the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase level of the patients suffering from chronic virus hepatitis.

Alisol A may be an autophagic inducer, it has anti-cancer activity, it presents inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines tested(HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells). Alisol A is an orally active terpenoid tetracyclic triterpenoid compound. Alisol A can be extracted from the rhizome of Alisma orientale. Alisol A activates AMPK/ACC/SREBP-1c, SIRT1, PPAR α, inhibits MMP-2/-9, and reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8). Alisol A has antitumor activity against breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Alisol A has anti obesity and anti atherosclerosis activities. Alisol A can be used to study hepatitis B, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, atherosclerosis and obesity.

Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester shows anti-HBV, antioxidant and quinone reductase-inducing activities.

Ganoderone A is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 7. Isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits against herpes simplex virus. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HSV-1 agent. It is a primary alcohol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a diketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Ganoderone A exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. Ganoderone A exhibits strong inhibitory activities against Vero cells (IC50 is 0.3 ug/mL); it also has inhibition against cancer cell lines K562, SW620, and HL60, the 50% inhibiting concentration( IC50) are 9. 61, 22. 38, 7. 14 mg/L, respectively.

Dehydroandrographolide is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity. It possesses activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 22.58 uM and low SI values of 8.7 ; it can alleviate oxidative stress in LPS-induced acute lung injury possibly by inactivating iNOS.

Pseudolaric Acid B has dual antiangiogenic, anti-fungal, anti-fertility, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and pro-apoptosis effects. Pseudolaric Acid B reversed the multidrug resistance of gastric neoplasm to chemotherapy drugs by downregulating the Cox-2/PKC-α/P-gp/mdr1 signaling pathway, it suppressed T lymphocyte activation through inhibition of NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways.

2'-deoxycytidine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having cytosine as the nucleobase. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a cytosine.

Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is an aporphine alkaloid, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to an aporphine.

Cyclosporin A is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eleven amino acids; an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system, and therefore the risk of organ rejection. Also causes reversible inhibition of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0- and G1-phase of the cell cycle.

Kutkoside is a mixture of iridoid glycosides namely, picroside II, Picroside IV and 6-ferulloylcatalpol, it may have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.