Eleutheroside E is a glycoside and a lignan.

Ginsenoside F3 has immunoenhancing activity by regulating production and gene expression of type 1,type 2 cytokines in murine spleen cells. It enhances the NF-kappaB DNA binding activity induced by ConA in murine spleen cells with 10 micromol/L.

Syringin is a monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an autophagy inducer, an antidepressant, a hepatoprotective agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is a primary alcohol, a beta-D-glucoside, a dimethoxybenzene and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a trans-sinapyl alcohol.

Ganoderic acid A , a representative active triterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum, exhibits antinociceptive, antioxidative, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities. It has a wide spectrum of targets including nuclear transcription factor-kappaB,activator protein-1,STAT,IL-6,JAK, and p38MAPK.

Chelidonine is a promising model compound for overcoming MDR and for enhancing cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics, especially against leukaemia cells, its efficacy needs to be confirmed in animal models. Chelidonine may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastasis of invasive human cancer cells, exhibits anti‑migratory and anti‑invasive effects in MDA‑MB‑231 cells, by suppressing COL‑I‑induced integrin signaling, through inhibiting the formation of the IPP complex and subsequent down‑regulation of IPP downstream signaling molecules, such as Akt and ERK1/2. Chelidonine is an alkaloid fundamental parent, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an alkaloid antibiotic.

Ginsenoside C-K is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an anti-allergic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite.

Lucidenic acid E2 is a triterpenoid.

Lobetyolin has a protective role in gastric mucosa injury, and the mechanism may be relate to the increase in level of 6-K-PGF1αand the inhibition the excretion of gastric acid and EGF. Lobetyolin inhibits the gene expression of MUC5AC mucin induced by PMA.

Ganoderic acid F has anti-hepatitis B, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor-promoting activities.

Poricoic acid B shows inhibitory activity against TPA-induced ear inflammatory oedema, it also shows potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

Pachymic acid has sedative-hypnotic, cardioprotective,antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it has hypoglycemic activity ,can stimulate glucose uptake, GLUT4 gene expression and translocation, and promoting triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes. Pachymic acid may inhibit proliferation and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cell through decreasing β-catenin and COX-2 expression and increasing E-cadherin exprssion. Pachymic acid is suggested to prevent the complications of oral diseases such as inflammation and alveolar destruction of the oral cavity.

Ginsenoside has been reported to suppress platelet aggregation and to reduce gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, also as a novel anti-skin cancer drug with anti-proliferative and anti-migration features. Ginsenoside F1 has a potential for industrial cosmetic materials, it also has inhibitory effect of elastase and tyrosinase, it significantly reduces ultraviolet-B-induced cell death by maintaining constant levels of Bcl-2 and protects HaCaT cells from apoptosis caused by ultraviolet B irradiation. Ginsenoside F1 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an apoptosis inhibitor and a plant metabolite.

Ciwujianoside B can relieve fatigue, enhance memory, and improve human cognition, it may enhance reuse of choline to accelerate the synthesis of acetylcholine in hippocampal neurons by activation of cholinesterase. Ciwujianoside B has inhibitory effects on apoptosis induced by MIRI and cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by H 2 O 2 in rats; it also shows radioprotective effects on the hematopoietic system in mice, which is associated with changes in the cell cycle, a reduction in DNA damage, and down-regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in bone marrow cells exposed to radiation.