Calenduloside E, a potent anti-apoptotic agent, has anti-tumour and anti-angiogenic activities, it can protect against ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury in our previous reports. Calenduloside E has anti-inflammary activity, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by blocking ROS-mediated activation of JAK1-stat3 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Calenduloside E analogues provide protection to H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, most likely via anti-apoptotic mechanism. Oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. It is functionally related to an oleanolic acid.

Tetrahydroswertianolin is a xanthone glycoside that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivaive of swertianolin (the S,4R-stereoisomer). It is isolated from Swertia japonica and shows hepatoprotective properties. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, an aromatic ether, a monosaccharide derivative and a xanthone glycoside. It is functionally related to a swertianolin.

Neocurdione is an attachment inhibitor against the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis. Neocurdione shows a protective effect against D-GalN/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced liver injury in mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg p.o.

Carboxyatractyloside poisoning causes multiple organ dysfunction and can be fatal, the signs of a poor prognosis including coagulation abnormalities, hyponatraemia, marked hypoglycaemia, icterus and hepatic and renal failure, without antidote. Carboxyatractyloside can induce permeability transition, and that ageing induced mitochondrial DNA disruption and release of cytochrome c; it induces the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on nonspecific membrane permeability.

Alisol F shows anti-inflammatory activities and liver protectionthrough the inhibition of MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB activation in vitro and in vivo, it suppresses iNOS induction. Alisol F exhibits inhibitory activity in vitro on hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion of the Hep G2.2.15 cell line with the IC (50) value of 0.6 microM, and on HBV e antigen (HBeAg) secretion with the IC (50) value of 8.5 microM.

Albaspidin AA displays strong antibacterial activity against the vegetative form of P. larvae (MIC ranging from 0.168-220 uM). It may have in vitro nematocidal activity against L4 stage larvae.