Xanthohumol has anti-hepatitis C virus, anti-carcinogenic, free radical-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities, it can inhibit HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects, the production of viral p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase in C8166 lymphocytes at non-cytotoxic concentration. Xanthohumol may play a role in improving cognitive flexability in young animals. Xanthohumol has beneficial effects on markers of metabolic syndrome, it lowers body weight and fasting plasma glucose in obese male Zucker fa/fa rats. Xanthohumol is a member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. It has a role as an antiviral agent, a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor, an anti-HIV-1 agent and an apoptosis inducer.

Dorsmanin A is a natural product from Psoralea corylifolia.

Naringenin is a weak estrogen that also exhibits partial antiestrogenic activity in the female rat uterus and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Naringenin is also a agent for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Naringenin has hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator properties. Naringenin possesses potent antidepressant-like property via the central serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. (S)-naringenin is the (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an expectorant. It is a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a naringenin. It is a conjugate acid of a (S)-naringenin(1-). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-naringenin.

Amentoflavone is a biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-8 of the chromene ring. A natural product found particularly in Ginkgo biloba and Hypericum perforatum. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a P450 inhibitor, a cathepsin B inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxyflavone, a ring assembly and a biflavonoid. Amentoflavone is a novel natural inhibitor of human Cathepsin B(CatB), which has antifungal , antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities, it stimulates apoptosis in HSFBs and inhibits angiogenesis of endothelial cells, it is a promising molecule that can be used in hypertrophic scar treatment. Amentoflavone regulated β-catenin and caspase-3 expressions, and inhibited NF-κB signal transduction pathways. Amentoflavone (Didemeethyl ginkgetin) is an effective and orally active GABA (A) negative regulator. Amentoflavone also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti radiation, and antibacterial activities. Amentoflavone induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase.

Maoecrystal A is a nartural from Rabdosia amethystoides.

Kajiichigoside F1 shows haemolytic and in vitro antiviral activity; it also exhibits in vivo hepatoprotective effects, it can inhibit d-GalN-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes(IC50=14.1uM). Kajiichigoside F1 shows antiinflammatory/antinociceptive action in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate testing and in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in mice and rats.

Lucialdehyde B is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 7. Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits antiviral and cytotoxic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-HSV agent. It is a steroid aldehyde, a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a cyclic terpene ketone and a 7-oxo steroid. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Lucialdehyde B exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. It shows cytotoxic effects on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), T-47D, Sarcoma 180, and Meth-A tumor cell lines.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a potent and specific inhibitor of NF-κB activation, and also displays neuroprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities; it also has potential beneficial effects on the wound healing of nasal mucosa in the rat.Caffeic acid phenethyl ester has potential preventive effects on myringosclerosis development after myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion. Phenethyl caffeate is an alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antiviral agent, a metabolite, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an immunomodulator, a neuroprotective agent and an anti-inflammatory agent.

4-Methoxy-5- hydroxycanthin-6-one has anti-inflammatory effect, it can significantly inhibit the production of NO and the release of TNF-α induced by LPS in macrophage RAW 264.7, it has protective effect on dextran sulfate sodium -induced rat colitis. After oral administration, 4-methoxy-5- hydroxycanthin-6-one (3, 9, and 27 mg/kg) can reduce the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic arthritis in rats. 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxycanthin-6-one exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against CNE2 cell line.