Chebulagic acid is a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, and is also COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitor. Chebulagic acid may be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals for limiting emerging/ recurring viruses known to engage host cell glycosaminoglycans for entry. Chebulagic acid can be used to control blood glucose and manage type 2 diabetes, although clinical trials are needed.

The cardiac glycosides digitoxin and digoxin have been used in cardiac diseases for many years, digitoxin also has growth inhibition activity in three human cancer cell line, digitoxin activates pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative signaling cascades and cell cycle arrest. Digitoxin could as a candidate drug for suppressing IL-8-dependent lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF), it can suppress hypersecretion of IL-8 from cultured cystic fibrosis (CF) lung epithelial cells, the specific mechanism is to block phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-kappa.Digitoxin actively inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication with a 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.05 microM, the inhibitory effects of digitoxin are likely to be introduced at the early stage of HSV-1 replication and the virus release stage. Digitoxin is a cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(14)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a digitoxigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a digitoxin(1-).

3-Deoxysappanchalcone is an effective HO-1 inducer at the translational level. 3-Deoxysappanchalcone has anti-inflammatory, and anti-influenza virus activities, the mechanism involved anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation activities in vitro. It has inhibitory activity on MMP-9 expression and production in TNF-α-treated cells, is mediated by the suppression of AP-1 and NF-κB activation. 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin is a member of the class of chalcones that is isoliquiritigenin in which one of the hydroxy groups at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of chalcones, a monomethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to an isoliquiritigenin.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid is a nine-carbon, sialic acid monosaccharide commonly found in glycoproteins on cell membranes and in glycolipids such as gangliosides in mammalian cells.Synthesis of pyrrolidine analogues of N‐acetylneuraminic acid could as potential sialidase inhibitors. N-Acetylneuraminic acid-containing substances has growth-promoting effects on bifidobacteria, a number of N-acetylneuraminic acid-based compounds as potential rotavirus inhibitors. N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid is N-Acetylneuraminic acid with beta configuration at the anomeric centre. It has a role as an epitope. It is functionally related to a beta-neuraminic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate.

Elemicin has anticancer, and antifungal activities, it exhibits anticholinergic-like effects in humans.

Glabrone shows antiviral activity against influenza virus. It also exhibits significant PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity.

Wulignan A1 exhibits activity against leukemia P-388 in vitro; it also may have anti-influenza virus H1N1 and H1N1-TR (a Tamiflu drug resistant virus strain) activities.

Goitrin is a potent antithyroid compound, it is a moderate inhibitor of purified bovine adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase,leads to a depression of brain norepinephrine and to an elevation of heart and adrenal dopamine. Goitrin is responsible for the induction of glutathione S-transferases. (S)-goitrin is a 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has S-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an antithyroid drug and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-goitrin.

Rupestonic acid derivatives have an anti-influenza virus activity, they inhibit IAV by up-regulating HO-1-mediated IFN response.