Abietic acid, an abietane diterpenoid, inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase with an IC50 of 29.5 ± 1.29 μM.Abietic acid acts as a PPARα/γ dual activator to inhibit UVB-induced MMP-1 expression and age-related inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and can be a useful agent for improving skin photoageing. Abietic acid can be used not only for anti-inflammation but also for regulating lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Abietic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid and an abietane diterpenoid. It is a conjugate acid of an abietate.

Diosbulbin B has potential anti-tumor effects which may be related to influencing the immune system for the first time, it also exhibits potential hepatotoxicity.

Kajiichigoside F1 shows haemolytic and in vitro antiviral activity; it also exhibits in vivo hepatoprotective effects, it can inhibit d-GalN-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes(IC50=14.1uM). Kajiichigoside F1 shows antiinflammatory/antinociceptive action in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate testing and in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in mice and rats.

Gardoside is a glycoside.

Cupressuflavone is a biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities. It has a role as a metabolite, a radical scavenger and an EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor. It is a hydroxyflavone, a ring assembly and a biflavonoid. Cupressuflavone has hepatoprotective, analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects. Cupressuflavone could exert a beneficial effect against oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense status, reducing lipid peroxidation, and protecting against the pathological changes induced by CCl4 in the liver and kidney tissues.

Afzelin has several cellular activities such as DNA-protective, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory as well as UV-absorbing activity and may protect human skin from UVB-induced damage by a combination of UV-absorbing and cellular activities. Afzelin has potenial anti-cancer activity against prostate cancer, the activity is due to inhibition of LIM domain kinase 021 expression, it can inhibit the proliferation of LNCaP and PC302cells, and block the cell cycle in the G002phase. Afzelin can attenuate asthma phenotypes is based on reduction of Th2 cytokine via inhibition of GATA-binding protein 3 transcription factor, which is the master regulator of Th2 cytokine differentiation and production. Afzelin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a kaempferol. It is a conjugate acid of an afzelin(1-).

Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective,and barrier protective activities, it could be used as a candidate therapeutic for treatment of severe vascular inflammatory diseases.It has potential anticoagulant activity, it possesses antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activity and offers bases for development of a novel anticoagulant. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside is also a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, it may have therapeutic potential in skin inflammatory disorders in traditional medicine. Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-galactosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone, a beta-D-galactoside, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a beta-D-galactose and an isorhamnetin.

Sterebin E may have anti-inflammatory activity.

Alnustone is a diarylheptanoid. Alnustone has anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic and antiemetic activities. Alnustone is a non phenolic compound found in herbs and spices, and is one of the components of Alpiniae Katsumada i. Alnustone has antiemetic and anti-inflammatory effects.

L-Cysteine inhibits insulin release via multiple actions on the insulin secretory process through H(2)S production. L-Cysteine administration limits ischemia-reperfusion injury through a mechanism that appears to be at least partially dependent on H2S synthesis. L-cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of L-cysteine hydrochloride. It has a role as a flour treatment agent, an EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor and a human metabolite. It contains a L-cysteine hydrochloride.

Cichoriin is a member of coumarins and a glycoside.

Elemicin has anticancer, and antifungal activities, it exhibits anticholinergic-like effects in humans.