Momilactone B is an organic heterotricyclic compound and an organooxygen compound.

Pseudopelletierine is an azabicycloalkane alkaloid that is 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane substituted by a methyl group at position 9 and an oxo group at position 3. It is found in pomegranate trees. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an alkaloid, an azabicycloalkane, a cyclic ketone and a tertiary amino compound.

Saponarin shows in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against CCl4-induced liver damage. Saponarin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB, ERK and p38 signaling.Saponarin is characterized as α-glucosidase inhibitor present in Tinospora cordifolia, it also has hypoglycemic activity in the range of 20-80 mg/kg compared to 100-200 mg/kg for acarbose as reported.Saponarin also exerts slight antihypertensive activity in non-diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 7-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)isovitexin is a C-glycosyl compound, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to an isovitexin.

Melatonin is a member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. It has a role as a geroprotector, a hormone, a central nervous system depressant, an anticonvulsant, a radical scavenger, an immunological adjuvant, a mouse metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a member of acetamides and a member of tryptamines. Melatonin, a hormone produced in the brain, is a potent melatonin receptor activator, and possesses important anti-cancer, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, it can reduce lead toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Melatonin may be useful as a pharmacological agent to protect against hepatic metabolic diseases due to its ability to regulate expression of miR-23a.

Aloperine has antitumor effects , it can suppress the tumor growth and promote cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PCa cells. It attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via anti-apoptotic activity and suppression of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Aloperine exhibits neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in vitro, it can ameliorate oxidative damage against early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage , most likely via the Nrf2-ARE survival pathway. Aloperine exerts significant inhibitive effects on acute inflammation and Type III and IV hypersensitivity caused by a variety of inflammatory agents. It protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating fibroblast proliferation and differentiation.

Toosendanin (TSN) was used as a digestive tract-parasiticide and agricultural insecticide in ancient China;TSN is a selective presynaptic blocker, a L-type Ca 2+ channel agonist and an effective antibotulismic agent, by interfering with neurotransmitter release through an initial facilitation followed by a subsequent depression. TSN has effects on the growth, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and the involved signaling pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.

Emetine hydrochloride and dehydroemetine combined with chloroquine in the treatment of children with amoebic liver abscess.