Formononetin is a phytoestrogen, could be used in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has antitumorigenic effects, suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; it also exhibits antiviral activities against some members of Picornaviridae, could inhibit EV71-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via MAPKs pathway including ERK, p38 and JNK. Formononetin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to a daidzein. It is a conjugate acid of a formononetin(1-).

Epimedin C is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Highly purified Momordin II inhibits cell-free protein synthesis, releases adenine from rat liver ribosomes and from DNA, and has no RNase activity.

Icaritin, a potent inhibitor of transcription factor SREBPs, which exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as activation of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of growth, hormone regulation, protection against beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity, and promotion of neuronal and cardiac cellular differentiation. Icaritin shows potent anti-leukemia activity on chronic myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo by regulating MAPK/ERK/JNK and JAK2/STAT3 /AKT signalings.

Icariside I is a metabolite product of Icariin.

Ipriflavone is a member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. It has a role as a bone density conservation agent. It is an aromatic ether and a member of isoflavones. Ipriflavone plays a direct role in modulating the synthetic and growth properties of osteoblast‐like cells. Ipriflavone directly stimulates markers of the osteoblast phenotype at a certain stage in bone formation without affecting undifferentiated cells that have not been committed to the osteogenic lineage.

Delta8(14)-Ergostenol is an ergostanoid.

Genistein, a phytoestrogen found in soy products, is a highly specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) which blocks the mitogenic effect mediated by EGF on NIH-3T3 cells with IC50 of 12μM or by insulin with IC50 of 19 μM. Genistein has neuroprotective, antitumor effects, it modulates the expression of NF-κB and MAPK (p-38 and ERK1/2), thereby attenuating d-Galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure in Wistar rats. Genistein is a 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antineoplastic agent, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a phytoestrogen and a human urinary metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a genistein(1-).

2,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-allylbenzene is a benzenetriol.

Ajugose is a hexasaccharide that is verbascose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 16 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue. It is a hexasaccharide and a raffinose family oligosaccharide. It is functionally related to a verbascose.

Epimedin A has anti-osteoporosis activity.

Glycitin has antibacterial, antiviral, anti-obese,anti-diabetic and estrogenic activities and may exert preventative effects on alcoholism, osteonecrosis,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and some types of cancer. It has a protective effect on skin aging by inhibiting of MMP-1 and increasing of collagen through ERK/JNK/P38 down-regulation, shows good inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase with IC50 of 0.5646 mg/mL. Glycitin is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, a hydroxyisoflavone, a methoxyisoflavone and a monosaccharide derivative.

Epimedin A,epimendin B, epimendin C, icariin and baohuoside are flavonoids, main active ingredient in Epimedium, have clear anti-osteoporosis effect, the accumulation of epimedins A, B, C, and icariin in a traditional medicinal plant could be suppressed by light stress.

Gycitein has antioxidant, weak estrogenic, anti-invasion, and anti-proliferation activities, it has potentiol to prevent Abeta associated neurodegenerative disorders, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. It is a potent activator of ERK1/2, decreases RWPE-1 cell proliferation, it induces ERK1/2 activation was dependent, in part, on tyrosine kinase activity associated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Glycitein is a methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a 7-hydroxyisoflavone and a methoxyisoflavone. It is functionally related to an isoflavone.