13-Oxyingenol dodecanoat shows moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values being 35.59 ± 5.37 μmol·L-1 (Caco-2), 24.04 ± 4.70 μmol·L-1 (MCF-7), and 22.24 ± 5.19 μmol·L-1 (MCF-7/ADM).

Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer, it is also an Al-chelating substance and a natural antioxidant. Citric acid (1-2 g/kg) can decrease brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation. Citric acid has phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil; citric acid can decrease the adsorption of both lead and cadmium. Dietary citric acid can effectively improve phytate P utilization in chicks. Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a calcium chelator, an antimicrobial agent, a chelator, a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate anion and a citrate(1-).