Timosaponin A-III is a natural product found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides. It has a role as a metabolite.

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Flavanomarein demonstrates potent antioxidative property, including free radical scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as well as lipid‑lowering effects in human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with free fatty acids (FFAs).

Notoginsenoside S may have hepatoprotective effects.

Salvianolic acid E is a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.

Salvianolic acid A has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic effect, and antiplatelet actions. it also has a significant protective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction; it activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in RPE cells and protects against oxidative stress via activation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling. Salvianolic acid A (oral) can significantly improve glucose metabolism and inhibit oxidative injury as well as protect against impaired vascular responsiveness in STZ-induced diabetic rats. It is a novel matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor, can prevents cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Picrocrocin is a beta-D-glucoside of beta-cyclocitral; the precursor of safranal. It is the compound most responsible for the bitter taste of saffron. It is functionally related to a beta-cyclocitral.

Harmine hydrochloride has potent anti-cancer effects in glioblastoma cells, which is at least partially via inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.

Rosmarinic acid has antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-lipid peroxidative, apoptotic,and antioxidant activities. It is used for food preservation, and to treat peptic ulcers, arthritis, cataract, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, and several human neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress. Rosmarinic acid has the ability to block complement fixation, inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity and inhibit the expression of CCL11 and CCR3 by suppressing the IKK-β activity in NF-κB activation signaling. It inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. (R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a geroprotector and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Mulberrin is a strong inhibitor of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1)-mediated estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) uptake with an IC50 value being 1.8 ±1.5 μM; it also as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Mulberrin has significantly reduced role on blood sugar of type II diabetes model of rats.

Skimmin has anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it can significantly improve renal function and suppress the IgG deposition as well as the development of glomerular lesions in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis; it also can suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, and may slow down the renal fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1 signal pathway.

Lyciumin B is a cyclic peptide.

Formononetin is a phytoestrogen, could be used in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It has antitumorigenic effects, suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; it also exhibits antiviral activities against some members of Picornaviridae, could inhibit EV71-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via MAPKs pathway including ERK, p38 and JNK. Formononetin is a member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a member of 4'-methoxyisoflavones and a member of 7-hydroxyisoflavones. It is functionally related to a daidzein. It is a conjugate acid of a formononetin(1-).

Astilbin has insecticidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may act as an efficient therapeutic agent for arthritis like cyclosporine A but with less toxicity, its mechanism includes a selective suppression on lymphocyte functions via reducing MMP and NO production. Astilbin can exert an early renal protective role to diabetic nephropathy (DN), inhibit production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).Astilbin also alleviates contact hypersensitivity through a unique mechanism involving a negative cytokine regulation through stimulating IL-10, which is distinct from the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A. Astilbin is a flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, an alpha-L-rhamnoside, a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a monosaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a (+)-taxifolin. It is an enantiomer of a neoastilbin.