Caesappanin C exhibits a proliferation stimulating activity against primary osteoblastic cells.

Icaritin, a potent inhibitor of transcription factor SREBPs, which exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as activation of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of growth, hormone regulation, protection against beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity, and promotion of neuronal and cardiac cellular differentiation. Icaritin shows potent anti-leukemia activity on chronic myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo by regulating MAPK/ERK/JNK and JAK2/STAT3 /AKT signalings.

Glaucocalyxin A could potentially be developed as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent, can inhibit platelet p-selectin secretion and integrin activation by convulxin, is a GPVI selective ligand. Glaucocalyxin A has regulation of microglia activity, can attenuate lipopolysaccharide -stimulated neuroinflammation through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Glaucocalyxin A may become a potential anti-fibrotic agent in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) management, it can effectively ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis through the antagonism of leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production.

Naringin exhibits antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, antiulcer, anti-hypocholesterolemic, anti-lipoperoxidative, and anti-hyperglycemia effects. Naringin reduces Ara-C-induced oxidative stress through both an inhibition of the generation of ROS production and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, it blocks apoptosis caused by Ara-C-induced oxidative stress, resulting in the inhibition of the cytotoxicity of Ara-C. Naringin attenuates epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MUC5AC secretion in A549 cells by suppressing the cooperative activities of MAPKs-AP-1 and IKKs-IκB-NF-κB signaling pathways. Naringin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one, a neohesperidoside, a dihydroxyflavanone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin.

Alizarin has a selective and effective inhibitory activity towards cancerous cells, it acts through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase. Alizarin has antigenotoxic activity, which can be explained by inhibition of CYP activities responsible for activating the mutagens.

Veratramine exhibits cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines A549, PANC-1, SW1990 and NCI-H249. Veratramine shows hypotensive effect, the effect is directly positively correlated with the dosage. Veratramine is a piperidine alkaloid comprising the 14,15,16,17-tetradehydro derivative of veratraman having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 23-positions. It derives from a hydride of a veratraman.

Aristolone is a natural product from the leaf oil of Alpinia polyantha.

Alisol F shows anti-inflammatory activities and liver protectionthrough the inhibition of MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB activation in vitro and in vivo, it suppresses iNOS induction. Alisol F exhibits inhibitory activity in vitro on hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion of the Hep G2.2.15 cell line with the IC (50) value of 0.6 microM, and on HBV e antigen (HBeAg) secretion with the IC (50) value of 8.5 microM.

Voacamine is a citraconoyl group.