Quercetin is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants, it is claimed to exert beneficial health effects, this includes protection against various diseases such as osteoporosis, certain forms of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases but also against aging. It is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4±0.6 μM, 3.0±0.0 μM and 5.4±0.3 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively. It also attenuated the function VEGFR, androgen receptor and the expressions of NF-κB, IL Receptor, FAK, ERK,Nrf2. Miquelianin is a quercetin O-glycoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Salvia and Phaseolus vulgaris, it exhibits antioxidant and antidepressant activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite and an antidepressant. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid and a quercetin O-glycoside.

Methyl Gallate is a plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities.Methyl gallate is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus in vitro. Methyl gallate also has a dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Methyl gallate can inhibit the growth of oral pathogens and S. mutans biofilm formation, and may be used to prevent the formation of oral biofilms. Methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is a gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite.

Beta-tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a tocopherol and a vitamin E.

Bavachin is a phytoestrogen that activates the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ with EC50s of 320 and 680 nM, respectively. It is a cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes by activating insulin signaling pathways. Bavachin can stimulate the genetic expression of VEGF in PB,and directly help the fracture healing, and potentially protect cartilage from inflammation-mediated damage in joints of osteoarthritis patients through decreasing IL-1β-induced activation of IKK-IκBα-NF-κB signaling pathway. Bavachin has suppressive effects against pigmentation by melanin in the skin.

6-Prenylnaringenin is an isomer of the potent phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin. It exhibits both mixed and non-competitive inhibitory characteristics against tyrosinase, tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of melanin and other pigments via the oxidation of l-tyrosine. 6-Prenylnaringenin has anti-cancer potential , dose-dependent reduction of cellular proliferation of human PC-3 prostate cancer and UO.31 renal carcinoma cells upon treatment. 6-Prenylnaringenin can inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1μg/ear) in mice, it also exhibits inhibitory effects on skin-tumor promotion in anin vivo two-stagemouse-skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]- anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and with TPA as promoter. 6-prenylnaringenin is a trihydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin prenylated at C-6. It has a role as a T-type calcium channel blocker. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a trihydroxyflavanone. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin.

Meranzin exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Meranzin hydrate can induce similar effect to Fructus Aurantii on intestinal motility and it was, at least in part, mediated by stimulation of H1 histamine receptors.

Salviaflaside has antioxidant activity.

N-trans-Feruloyltyramine(NTF) is a platelet aggregation inhibitor, which has hepatoprotective, and antioxidative effects, NTF is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets;NTF inhibits melanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. N-feruloyltyramine is a member of tyramines. It has a role as a metabolite.

Theaflavin is a suitable natural inhibitor against influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-mutagenic, anti-HSV-1, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Theaflavin is active in the prevention of fatty liver and obesity, it can significantly reduce lipid accumulation, suppress fatty acid synthesis, and stimulate fatty acid oxidation. Theaflavin inhibits LPS-Induced IL-6, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages through the blockade of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways; it also protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against chronic MPTP/probenecid induced Parkinson's disease. Theaflavin is a biflavonoid that is 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzocyclohepten-6-one which is substituted at positions 1 and 8 by (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl groups. It is the main red pigment in black tea. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a chelator, a radiation protective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a polyphenol and a biflavonoid.

Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), it has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations. Crocin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-asthma, anti-cancer, and hypolipidemic effects. Crocin improves toxic effects of diazinon via reducing lipid peroxidation and restoring altered contractile and relaxant responses in rat aorta; it also protects retinal photoreceptors against light-induced cell death. Crocin can also promote ovarian cancer HO-8910 cell apoptosis, most likely by increasing p53 and Fas/APO-1 expression, and then activating the apoptotic pathway regulated by Caspase-3. Bis(beta-D-glucosyl) crocetin is a diester resulting from the formal condensation of each of the carboxylic acid groups of crocetin with an anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucopyranose. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a diester. It is functionally related to a beta-D-glucose and a crocetin.

Quercetin 3-beta-gentiobioside is a quercetin O-glycoside in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 of quercetin has been replaced by a gentiobiosyl group. It has a role as a Brassica napus metabolite. It is a tetrahydroxyflavone, a disaccharide derivative and a quercetin O-glycoside. It is functionally related to a gentiobiose. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin 3-beta-gentiobioside(2-). Quercetin-3-gentiobioside may show significant inhibitor on AR and AGEs formation activities.

Quercetagetin may be a potent inhibitor of the STAT1 signal, which could be a new molecular target for anti-inflammatory treatment, and may thus have therapeutic applications as an immune modulator in inflammatory diseases such as AD. It has stronger inhibitory effects on the protein and mRNA expression of TARC and MDC than other flavonoids. Quercetagetin is a hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a hexahydroxyflavone and a member of flavonols. It is functionally related to a quercetin.

(-)-Epiafzelechin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin-induced mouse paw edema, it exhibits a dose-dependent inhibition on the COX activity with an IC50 value of 15 microM, it exhibits about 3-fold weaker inhibitory potency on the enzyme activity than indomethacin as a positive control. (-)-Epicatechin shows zero and/or the lowest activities against pancreatic lipase (IC50 > 20 microM). Epiafzelechin has antioxidant properties. (-)-epiafzelechin is a catechin derivative having (2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

Vinaginsenoside R3 is a triterpenoid saponin.

Tetramethylkaempferol is a PPARγ agonist, it can improve insulin sensitivity by increasing the levels of adiponectin, an important adipocytokine associated with insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. Tetramethylkaempferol can concentration-dependently enhance the accumulation of triglyceride, a marker of adipogenesis.

Pinostrobin chalcone is a potent inhibitor of triglyceride accumulation, it can inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, it may have anti-obesity effects through the inhibition of adipogenesis. Pinostrobin chalcone displays very remarkable cytotoxic activity against the human cancer cells, such as KB, MCF7 and Caski cells (IC50 values of 6.2, 7.3 and 7.7 ug/mL, respectively).