Icaritin, a potent inhibitor of transcription factor SREBPs, which exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as activation of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of growth, hormone regulation, protection against beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity, and promotion of neuronal and cardiac cellular differentiation. Icaritin shows potent anti-leukemia activity on chronic myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo by regulating MAPK/ERK/JNK and JAK2/STAT3 /AKT signalings.

Glaucocalyxin A could potentially be developed as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent, can inhibit platelet p-selectin secretion and integrin activation by convulxin, is a GPVI selective ligand. Glaucocalyxin A has regulation of microglia activity, can attenuate lipopolysaccharide -stimulated neuroinflammation through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Glaucocalyxin A may become a potential anti-fibrotic agent in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) management, it can effectively ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis through the antagonism of leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production.

Groenlandicine may be a promising anti-Alzheimer's disease agent due to its potent inhibitory activity of both ChEs and beta-amyloids formation, as well as marked ONOO(-) scavenging and good ROS inhibitory capacities. Groenlandicine exhibits moderate inhibitory effects with the IC(50) value of 140.1 microM for rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) and 154.2 microM for human recombinant AR (HRAR), it has beneficial uses in the development of therapeutic and preventive agents for diabetic complications and diabetes mellitus. Groenlandicine is a active principle with topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage activity in vitro. Groenlandicine has bitter, and also has antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus,there was close relationship between the bitter degree and antibacterial activity of bitter components.

Seneciphylline, one of the hepatotoxic pyrolizidine alkaloids, has mutagenic activity in Drosophila and their transfer into rat milk.Seneciphylline can significantly increased the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but cause reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities.

Naringin exhibits antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, antiulcer, anti-hypocholesterolemic, anti-lipoperoxidative, and anti-hyperglycemia effects. Naringin reduces Ara-C-induced oxidative stress through both an inhibition of the generation of ROS production and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, it blocks apoptosis caused by Ara-C-induced oxidative stress, resulting in the inhibition of the cytotoxicity of Ara-C. Naringin attenuates epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MUC5AC secretion in A549 cells by suppressing the cooperative activities of MAPKs-AP-1 and IKKs-IκB-NF-κB signaling pathways. Naringin is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one, a neohesperidoside, a dihydroxyflavanone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin.

Alizarin has a selective and effective inhibitory activity towards cancerous cells, it acts through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase. Alizarin has antigenotoxic activity, which can be explained by inhibition of CYP activities responsible for activating the mutagens.

Veratramine exhibits cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines A549, PANC-1, SW1990 and NCI-H249. Veratramine shows hypotensive effect, the effect is directly positively correlated with the dosage. Veratramine is a piperidine alkaloid comprising the 14,15,16,17-tetradehydro derivative of veratraman having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 23-positions. It derives from a hydride of a veratraman.

Licoricidin, is a potent anti-metastatic agent, which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of malignant prostate cancer cells. Licoricidin and licorisoflavan A are effective in inhibiting the growth of all three bacterial species(Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Solobacterium moorei), with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range of 2-80 ug /ml, they have a potential for reducing bacterial volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) production and therefore for controlling halitosis; they also have potential for the development of novel host-modulating strategies for the treatment of cytokine and/or MMP-mediated disorders such as periodontitis. Licoricidin may be considered as an active ingredient in new topically applied anti-ageing formulations, it blocks UVA-induced photoaging via ROS scavenging,this activity converges to limit the activity of MMP-1. Licoricidin is a member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is R-isoflavan with hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 5 and prenyl groups at positions 6 and 3'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and a plant metabolite. It is an aromatic ether, a member of hydroxyisoflavans and a methoxyisoflavan.

Voacamine is a citraconoyl group.