Physcion is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. It has a role as a metabolite, an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antifungal agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. Physcion shows cytotoxic effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and its apoptosis induction in HeLa cells was investigated by the expressions of p53, p21, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, and caspase-3 proteins. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves.

Galgravin has anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, it can promote neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, protect hippocampal neurons against amyloid beta peptide (Abeta25-35)-induced cytotoxicity, and protect against neuronal death from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced toxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Galgravin has cytotoxic activity against human leukemia (HL-60) tumor cells with the IC50 value of 16.5 ± 0.8 ug/mL. Galgravin also can inhibit bone resorption and may offer a novel compounds for the development of drugs to treat bone-destructive diseases such as osteoporosis. Galgravin is a member of the class of aryltetrahydrofurans carrying two 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as two methyl groups at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a bone density conservation agent, a neuroprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a lignan, a ring assembly, an aryltetrahydrofuran and a dimethoxybenzene.

Ginsenoside F2, an autophagic initiater, which has anti-cancer, and anti-obesity activities. Ginsenoside F2 inhibited the growth and invasion of cancer, and activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ginsenoside F2 suppresses hair cell apoptosis and premature entry to catagen more effectively than finasteride, it decreases the expression of TGF-β2 and SCAP proteins, the factors in the SCAP pathway could be targets for hair loss prevention drugs. Ginsenoside F2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite.

6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine may have anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of NO and IL-6 expression through the down-regulation of MAP kinase (ERK1/2, p38) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. It has antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from1.9 to 3.9 microg/ml. 6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine shows a dose-dependent effect at 1-10 microM on causing apoptotic cell death in HT29 colon carcinoma cells (IC50 = 5.0+/-0.2 microM). It also shows strong nematocidal activities, however, it is highly cytotoxic; thus, the prospect of its direct application is low.

Betulinic acid methyl ester showed antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro.It also inhibited B16 2F2 cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis.

Mitraphylline has antiproliferative effects on human glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines. It also has anti-inflammatory activity, it inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils.

(-)-beta-elemene is the ()-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent.

Wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide is the glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid, a monomethoxyflavone, a monohydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a wogonin. It is a conjugate acid of a wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronate. Wogonoside has anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anticancer effects, it may exert its anti-inflammatory effect via dual inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Wogonoside induced autophagy through the MAPK-mTOR pathway, it inhibited LTB 4 production at the concentration of 100 uM.

Tricin is evaluated as a type of tyrosinase inhibitor, it exerts anti-inflammatory effect via a mechanism involving the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT signaling cascade, tricin derivatives conveys allergy and inflammation treatment ability to Z. latifolia.Tricin is a novel compound with potential anti-HCMV activity and that CXCL11 is one of the chemokines involved in HCMV replication, it may be beneficial in HSC-targeting therapeutic or chemopreventive applications for hepatic fibrosis. 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin is the 3',5'-di-O-methyl ether of tricetin. Known commonly as tricin, it is a constituent of rice bran and has been found to potently inhibit colon cancer cell growth. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor. It is a member of 3'-methoxyflavones, a dimethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a tricetin. It is a conjugate acid of a 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin(1-).