Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a bronchodilator agent, a vasodilator agent, a drug metabolite, an anti-asthmatic drug, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an immunomodulator, a muscle relaxant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. Theophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, which is the most widely used anti-asthma drug worldwide and is classified as a bronchodilator. It has antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions, it also can antagonize flurazepam-induced depression of cerebral cortical neurons.

Tetrahydroberberine, with D(2) receptor antagonist and 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist properties, has significant potential as a therapeutic for treatment of FD; it has antidopaminergic effect, and other pharmacological action on the central nervous system. Tetrahydroberberine can inhibit the rabbit platelet aggregation. Canadine is a berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10. It is a berberine alkaloid, an aromatic ether, an oxacycle and an organic heteropentacyclic compound.

N-methyltyramine is a member of tyramines. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a N-methyltyraminium.