N-acetyllactosamine is a beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(14)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.

Maltoheptaose is a maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.

Anisodamine, an anticholinergic drug, has antishock effect, which is intimately linked to alpha7nAChR-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway. Anisodamine demonstrates a direct cardiac depressive action at the myocyte level, which may be related to, at least in part, NO production and cholinoceptor antagonism, it causes the changes of structure and function in the transmembrane domain of the Ca(2+)-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Anisodamine, a vasoactive drug, can abate endogenous endotoxaemia subsequent to splanchnic vasoconstriction due to hypovolaemia, it alleviates inflammatory damage by significantly reducing the expressions of VEGF and ICAM-1, and shows significant protective effects in an animal model of infusion phlebitis. Anisodamine also inhibits shiga toxin type 2-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in vitro and in vivo. Scopolamine is a non subtype selective muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Scopolamine is used in traditional Chinese medicine research for various diseases, mainly for improving microcirculation in shock state, and can also be used for organophosphate poisoning.

Maltotriose is a maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.

Stachyose, as prebiotics, can prevent indirectly colon cancer cell growth by promoting the proliferation of probiotics or producing beneficial materials in the intestine.Stachyose inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Stachyose with an RS3 carrier has better preventative effects on colitis than Stachyose alone in mice. Stachyose is a tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(16)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a tetrasaccharide and a raffinose family oligosaccharide. It is functionally related to a raffinose and a sucrose.

Scopolamine hydrobromide is a non subtype selective antagonist of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Scopolamine hydrobromide has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.