Rhododendrol is an inhibitor of melanin synthesis developed for lightening/whitening cosmetics, it can competitively inhibit mushroom tyrosinase and serve as a good substrate, while it also shows cytotoxicity against cultured human melanocytes at high concentrations sufficient for inhibiting tyrosinase. (+)-Rhododendrol and epi-rhododendrin have anti-inflammatory effect, they can suppress the NO production by activated macrophages in vivo.

p-Coumaric acid ester has moderate free radical scavenging ability.

6-Hydroxykaempferol is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase compared to L-DOPA, it shows also high antioxidant activities.

Corylin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-proliferation, and anti-inflammatory properties, it may stimulate bone formation or have potential activity against osteoporosis. Corylin shows an inhibitory effect on IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in Hep3B cells.

Benvitimod is a stilbenoid.

Psoralen is a naturally occurring furocoumarin that intercalates with DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division. Psoralen has immunomodulatory properties on Th2 response in vitro, it can remit the degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc induced by IL-1β to some extent, and affect the related factors of IL-1β signaling pathway. Psoralen may be feasible for reversing the multidrug resistance by inhibiting ABCB1 gene and protein expression. Psoralen ultraviolet A is an effective treatment for psoriasis. Psoralen is the simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

Xanthotoxin (Methoxsalen ) is a potent tricyclic furocoumarin suicide inhibitor of CYP (cytochrome P-450), is an agent used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo and some cutaneous Lymphomas in conjunction with exposing the skin to sunlight. Xanthotoxin has anticonvulsant activities, it can protect the animals against maximal electroshock-induced seizures; Xanthotoxin prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice through the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, it may be considered to be a new therapeutic candidate for treating osteoporosis. Methoxsalen is a member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.

Luteolin is a non-selective phisphodiesterase PDE inhibitor for PDE1-5 with Ki of 15.0 μM, 6.4 μM, 13.9 μM, 11.1 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. Luteolin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and anticancer, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for treating various diseases such as hypertension, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Luteolin inhibits NF-κB, and inhibits interleukin (IL)-1β function induction of the inflammation biomarker cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.

(-)-Chimonanthine (IC50 = 0.93 uM) shows potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. (-)-chimonanthine is the (3aS,3a'S,8aS,8a'S)-stereoisomer of chimonanthine. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-chimonanthine.