Hederasaponin B has antiviral activity, via inhibiting the viral VP2 protein expression and blocking viral capsid protein synthesis. It also has antitumor activity, and it inhibits the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid (AA).

12-Epinapelline is a natural product from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.

Trans-rhaponticin is a rhaponticin in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antitumour, antiinflammatory, antilipemic and neuroprotective activities. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antilipemic drug, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an anti-allergic agent, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an apoptosis inducer, an EC 2.3.1.

Loganin is a non-competitive inhibitor of BACE1 with IC50 of 47.97 μM an also inhibits AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 3.95 μM and 33.02 μM, respectively. Loganin has neuroprotective, anti-amnesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-shock effects, it also exhibits protective effects against hepatic injury and other diabetic complications associated with abnormal metabolic states and inflammation caused by oxidative stress and advanced glycation endproduct formation. Loganin can attenuate neuroinflammatory responses through the inactivation of NF-κB by NF-κB dependent inflammatory pathways and phosphorylation of MAPK in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells, and can protect against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK 1/2 MAPKs in SH-SY5Y cells. Loganin is an iridoid monoterpenoid with formula C17H26O10 that is isolated from several plant species and exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor and a plant metabolite.

Platyconic acid A suppresses the development of respiratory inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling by reducing allergic responses, and it may be a potential herbal drug for allergen-induced respiratory disease prevention. Platyconic acid A suppresses PMA-induced MUC5AC mRNA expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation via Akt in A549 cells. Platyconic acid A is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Madecassic acid has anti-diabetic, anti- tumor, wound-healing, and anti-inflammatory properties, it can improve glycemic control and hemostatic imbalance, lower lipid accumulation, and attenuate oxidative and inflammatory stress in diabetic mice. It can protect against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in retinal microvascular endothelial cells via ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. It inhibited the esspession of NOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and the downregulation of NF-kappaB activation. Madecassic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 6 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta,6beta stereoisomer). It has a role as an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a hypoglycemic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a tetrol. It is a conjugate acid of a madecassate. It derives from a hydride of an ursane.

Hypaconitine, an active and highly toxic constituent derived from Aconitum species, has anti-inflammatory activity, is widely used to treat rheumatism. It produced neuromuscular blockade by reducing the evoked quantal release, the mechanism of this effect was attributed mainly to blocking of the nerve compound action potential.

Alpinetin is an ether and a member of flavonoids. Alpinetin has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities; it inhibits proliferation ,regulates of the Bcl-2 family and XIAP expression, releases of cytochrome c and activates caspases. Alpinein is a flavonoid compound isolated from cardamom, which has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, liver protective, cardiovascular protective, lung protective, antibacterial, antiviral, and neuroprotective properties. Alpinetin can inhibit inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activate PPAR - γ, activate Nrf2, and inhibit the expression of TLR4 to protect against LPS induced kidney injury.

Baccatin III, which is the precursor for the semisynthesis of paclitaxel,exerts anti-tumor immunomodulatory activity in very low doses (0.05-0.5mg/kg),it reduces tumor progression by inhibiting the accumulation and suppressive function of MDSCs. Baccatin III also exerts immunomodulatory activities in vivo as well as in vitro on the MHC-restricted antigen presentation. Baccatin III is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus Taxus. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a benzoate ester, an acetate ester and a tetracyclic diterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a taxane.

Platycodin D3 is a NF-κB inhibitor, it could as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases, it can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin; it can significantly enhance mitogen- and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the OVA-immunized mice. Platycodin D3 also exerts anti-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity.

Platycodin D2 , a less hemolytic saponin, can improve specific cellular and humoral responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in mice, it could be safely used as adjuvant eliciting Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Polygalacin D2 has anti-cancer activity, it exhibits significant inhibition on the proliferation of five kinds of cultured human tumor cell lines. Platycodin D2 is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.