Forskolin is a ubiquitous activator of eukaryotic adenylyl cyclase (AC) in a wide variety of cell types, commonly used to raise levels of cAMP in the study and research of cell physiology. Forskolin has antitumor, antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions, it may cause genotoxic effects. Chronic administration of Forskolin can decrease fasting blood glucose levels, it is effective in preventing diet induced obesity. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an anti-HIV agent, a plant metabolite, a protein kinase A agonist and an adenylate cyclase agonist. It is a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a triol, a labdane diterpenoid, a cyclic ketone and an acetate ester.

Aloe-emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside shows moderate bioactivity against human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (hPTP1B) in vitro. Aloe-emodin-8-O - β - D-glucopyranoside is a compound isolated from Saussurea lappa and is a mild inhibitor of human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (hPTP1B) with an IC50 value of 26.6 μ M.

Uralenol significantly shows the inhibitory activities against the PTP1B enzyme; it also shows inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase using l-tyrosine as substrate（IC50 =49.5 uM). Uralenol shows potent anti-proliferation effects on ER-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro.

Cassiaside B2 is an oligosaccharide.