Sodium aescinate has immunity enhancing,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, may effectively control and improve wound healing in diabetic rats. It has obvious antiangiogenic effect, the initiation of angiogenesis and proliferation of endothelial cell are inhibited and the secretion of VEGF is also decreased. Sodium aescinate can protect the lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which may be mediated by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, upregulating Bcl-2 gene protein expression, improving the ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax to inhibit lung apoptosis.;it also can protect against liver injury induced by methyl parathion.

Diosmin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a monomethoxyflavone, a rutinoside, a dihydroxyflavanone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a diosmetin.

Neodiosmin has poor aqueous solubility but exerts a good debittering effect and is a strong antioxidant with potential applications in foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical preparations.

Isoescin IB is a natural product from Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Hidrosmin is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Methyl hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside that is hesperidin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is a member of 4'-methoxyflavanones, a member of 3'-methoxyflavanones, a rutinoside, a dimethoxyflavanone, a monohydroxyflavanone, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to a hesperidin. Methyl hesperidin has potentiating effect on coronary vasodilation induced by adenosine or related compounds, It caused inhibition of nitrendipine transport in the ileum and jejunum, but not in the duodenum. Methyl hesperidin exerts no obvious toxic effects in mice of either sex when administered at a level as high as 5.0% in the diet.

Escin IA is a prodrug and its structure can be converted to desacylescin I by human intestinal bacteria and Lactobacillus brevis., desacylescin I as a biotransformation product shows potentially inhibitory effects on mouse tumor, and a potential candidate for anti tumor agents. Escin IA has anti-TNBC metastasis activity, and its action mechanisms involved inhibition of EMT process by down-regulating LOXL2 expression.

Escin Ia and Isoescin IA have been traditionally used clinically as the chief active ingredients of escin, a major triterpene saponin isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, inflammation and edema.