p-Synephrine is widely used in weight loss and weight management as well as in sports performance products, which has antidepressant-like effects in the murine models of forced swimming and tail suspension, it also exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Synephrine inhibits eotaxin-1 expression via the STAT6 signaling pathway. Synephrine is a phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist and a plant metabolite. It is a member of ethanolamines, a member of phenols and a phenethylamine alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a synephrinium.

Demethyleneberberine, which is composed of a potential antioxidant structure, could penetrate the membrane of mitochondria and accumulate in mitochondria either in vitro or in vivo.Demethyleneberberine suppresses CYP2E1, hypoxia inducible factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which contributes to oxidative stress and restored sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α pathway-associated fatty acid oxidation in chronic ethanol-fed mice.

p-Synephrine is widely used in weight loss and weight management as well as in sports performance products, which has antidepressant-like effects in the murine models of forced swimming and tail suspension, it also exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Synephrine inhibits eotaxin-1 expression via the STAT6 signaling pathway.