Germacrone has anti-tumor activity, it can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway. Germacrone shows antiviral activity against the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses and the influenza B virus in a dose-dependent manner, exerts an effective protection of mice from lethal infection and reduces the virus titres in the lung. Germacrone also moderately inhibits CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activities in vitro, with IC50 values below 10 uM, and produces two oxidized metabolites and four glutathione conjugates. (E,E)-germacrone is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid that has formula C15H22O. It is a natural product found in traditional medicinal plants of the family Zingiberaceae. The compound exhibits a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-androgenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and insecticidal activities.

Yadanziolide B is a quassinoid that is 13,20-epoxypicras-3-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 21 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 16. Isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem of Brucea mollis, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a delta-lactone, a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an enone, a heptol and a quassinoid. Yadanziolide B exhibits cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 3.00-5.81 uM.

(R)-goitrin is a 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis. It has a role as an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-goitrin. Epigoitrin and fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose(FG) from the traditional Chinese medicine Isatidis radix, exhibit in vitro cooperation, they have in vitro anti-virus activity.

Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis. (2R)-eriodictoyl-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the 7-O-glucuronide of (2R)-eriodictyol. Isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, it exhibits inhibitory activity for rat lens aldose reductase. It has a role as a metabolite and an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor. It is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid and a 3'-hydroxyflavonoid.

Eriodictyol has vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, it is an antagonist of the transient potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) receptor. Eriodictyol may possess antidiabetic properties through increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin resistance, it attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in early diabetic rats. It may be a potential therapeutic resource for Atopic dermatitis and an adjunctive agent to control itchiness inAtopic dermatitis. Eriodictyol is a tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone and a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones.

Arctigenin has anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidative , neuroprotection, and endurance enhancement effects; it efficiently enhances rat swimming endurance by elevation of the antioxidant capacity of the skeletal muscles, which has thereby highlighted the potential of this natural product as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue and related diseases. Arctigenin as a potent indirect activator of AMPK via inhibition of respiratory complex I, with beneficial effects on metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice, this highlights the potential value of arctigenin as a possible treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Arctigenin is a lignan. Arctigenin has anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidative , neuroprotection, and endurance enhancement effects; it efficiently enhances rat swimming endurance by elevation of the antioxidant capacity of the skeletal muscles, which has thereby highlighted the potential of this natural product as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue and related diseases. Arctigenin as a potent indirect activator of AMPK via inhibition of respiratory complex I, with beneficial effects on metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice, this highlights the potential value of arctigenin as a possible treatment of type 2 diabetes. Arctiin is an orally active NF - κ B inhibitor. Arctiin inhibits the expression of cyclin D1 protein in human tumor cells. Arctiin can also reduce levels of malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Arctiin can be used for the study of glomerulonephritis.

Luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside is a disaccharide derivative that is luteolin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a metabolite and an antibacterial agent. It is a neohesperidoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a luteolin. Lonicerin has antioxidant, anti-arthritic and antifungal activities, it can result in a combination therapy for the treatment of fungal arthritis due to C. albicans infection.

Dehydroandrographolide is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity. It possesses activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 22.58 uM and low SI values of 8.7 ; it can alleviate oxidative stress in LPS-induced acute lung injury possibly by inactivating iNOS.

Methyl brevifolincarboxylate is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 1,2,3,5-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]isochromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7, 8 and 9, oxo groups at positions 3 and 5 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 1. Isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria and Phyllanthus niruri, it exhibits vasorelaxant activity. It has a role as a metabolite, a vasodilator agent, a radical scavenger, an EC 5.99.1.

Sodium houttuyfonate is anti-pseudomonas agents, inhibits virulence related motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.It also inhibits biofilm formation and alginate biosynthesis-associated gene expression in a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Sodium houttuyfonate has anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits inflammation by blocking the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways in bovine endometrial epithelial cells.

Dendrobine is an antagonist of β-alanine, taurine and of presynaptic inhibition in the frog spinal cord. Dendrobine has antiviral, and antitumor activities; it can inhibit the growth of A549 cells through inducing apoptosis, which is partially dependent on mitochondrial-mediated pathway; dendrobine treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), improved the expression of Bax and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2.