Piperine is a N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. It has a role as a NF-kappaB inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a food component and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a tertiary carboxamide, a piperidine alkaloid, a member of benzodioxoles and a N-acylpiperidine. It is functionally related to an (E,E)-piperic acid. Piperine, an inhibitor of human P-glycoprotein and/or CYP3A4, which has antinociceptive, antiarthritic, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory , antitumor, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, chemo-protective, and anti-inflammatoryactivities. Administration of piperine appears to reverse preexisting high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, probably by activation of adiponectin-AMPK signalling.

Dehydrocorydalin has anti-inflammatory,antinociceptive,antiplatelet,and anti-tumor effects and can protect the cardiovascular system. Dehydrocorydaline stimulates p38 MAPK activation, which can enhance heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, thus resulting in MyoD activation and myoblast differentiation. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated by regulating Bax/Bcl-2, activating caspases as well as cleaving PARP.

Dehydrocorydaline has anti-inflammatory activity, it has antinociceptive effects in mouse models of inflammatory pain, the effects involve the opioid receptor and inflammatory cytokines. Dehydrocorydaline can inhibit elevated mitochondrial membrane potential in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.Dehydrocorydaline not only inhibits antibody-mediated allergic reactions but also influences cell-mediated allergic reactions, and the inhibitory effect of Corydalis Tuber on allergic reactions may be partially attributed to dehydrocorydaline.

1-[(2E,4E)-2,4-decadienoyl]pyrrolidine is a N-acylpyrrolidine. It has a role as a metabolite.

Suberosin exhibits anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities, it also shows biting deterrent activity against Aedes aegypti, it may be useful for use as mosquito larvicidal agent. Suberosin inhibits PHA-induced PBMC proliferation, at least in part, through reduction of [Ca2+]i, ERK, NF-AT, and NF-kappaB activation, and early gene expression in PBMC including cyclins and cytokines, and arrest of cell cycle progression in the cells. Suberosin is a member of the class of coumarins in which the coumarin ring is substituted at positions 6 and 7 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and a methoxy group, respectively. A natural product found in Citropsis articulata. It has a role as an anticoagulant and a plant metabolite. It is a member of coumarins and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a 7-demethylsuberosin.

Hyoscyamine is an AChR inhibitor with IC50 of 7.5 nM, it is widely used in medicine due to its anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine could be used to reduce abdominal discomfort and colonic spasm during a barium enema. (S)-atropine is an atropine with a 2S-configuration. It is functionally related to a (S)-tropic acid. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-atropinium.

Pipercide is a member of benzodioxoles.

Dihydrocapsaicin, a potential inducer of autophagy, has cytotoxic activity. It has anti-atherogenic activity, can reduce the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation. Dihydrocapsaicin treatment depletes peptidergic nerve fibers of substance P and alters mast cell density in the respiratory tract of neonatal sheep.

Evodiamine, a novel non-pungent vanilloid receptor agonist, which has the effects of anti-obese, analgesic, vasodilator, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. It prevents the accumulation of perivisceral fat and the body weight increase, blocks of the Ca2+ influx through receptor-mediated Ca2+ channels, inhibits NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.

Dehydroevodiamine has anticholinesterase activity and an anti-amnesic effect, it also may be a novel and effective ligand for improvement of beta-amyloid type amnesia. Dehydroevodiamine has antiarrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory properties, the effect of dehydroevodiamine-mediated inhibition of the expression LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 genes is due to under the suppression of NF-kappaB activation in the transcriptional level.

Gelsemine is a highly toxic compound and may be a glycine receptor agonist. Gelsemine has antitumor, anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-oxidative activities,it also has marked antinociception in inflammatory, neuropathic and bone cancer pains without inducing antinociceptive tolerance.

Protopine acts as a potent inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis and PAF with hepatoprotective, antidepressant, antioxidant, antispasmodic and relaxant properties. Protopine is also a novel microtubule-stabilizing agent, causes mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death in human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines. Protopine blocks phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and also blocks activation of a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Protopine is a dibenzazecine alkaloid isolated from Fumaria vaillantii. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

12-Epinapelline is a natural product from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.

(S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine is a berberine alkaloid consisting of columbamine having four extra hydrogens at positions 5, 8, 13 and 13a and (S)-configuration. It is a berberine alkaloid and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It is functionally related to a columbamine.

Isorhynchophylline exerts anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-metastatic effects, it exerts neuroprotective effect against Aβ 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in vitro via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Isorhynchophylline shows antidepressant-like effects, which are mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of monoamine oxidases. Isorhynchophylline plays a remarkably preventive role in cardiac arrhythmias through the inhibition of calcium currents in rats and guinea pigs; it also shows inhibition on angiotensin II-induced proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Isorhynchophylline is a member of indolizines. It has a role as a metabolite.

5,6-Dehydrokawain is an aromatic ether and a member of 2-pyranones.

Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are the major active components in pepper spray products, which are widely used for law enforcement and self-protection, they has cytotoxicity, they induces p53 protein and G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Dihydrocapsaicin induces hypothermia and substance P depletion, it or radiolabelled dihydrocapsaicin, may be a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms by which capsaicin alters thermoregulation and primary afferent neuron function.Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin have effect on in vitro blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. Nordihydrocapsaicin is a member of phenols and a member of methoxybenzenes.