Timosaponin A-III is a natural product found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides. It has a role as a metabolite.

Continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid are quality control markers in Aralia continentalis. Continentalic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, it shows moderate cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung), THP-1 (leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines; it has minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of approximately 8-16 microg/mL against S. aureus, including the MSSA and MRSA standard strains.

Chelerythrine is a well-known protein kinase C inhibitor, can inhibit telomerase activity, it also can block the human P2X 7 receptor. Chelerythrine has antimanic, potential antiproliferative and antitumor effects, it has significant cytotoxic effect, independent of p53 and androgen status, on human prostate cancer cell lines. Chelerythrine chloride is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid.

Siamenoside I is one of the mogrosides that has several kinds of bioactivities, it exhibits maltase inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of 12 mM.

Furanodienone is a germacrane sesquiterpenoid.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Bruceine A has antibabesial activity, it can inhibit the in vitro growth of Babesia gibsoni in canine erythrocytes at lower concentration and kill the parasites within 24 hr at a concentration of 25 nM; it show strong antitrypanosomal activities with IC(50) values in the range of 2.9-17.8nM. Bruceine A has anthelmintic activity, it exhibits significant activity against Dactylogyrus intermedius with EC(50) values of 0.49 mg/L. Bruceine A exhibits NF-κB p65 inhibition, and cytotoxic potential against HT-29, HeLa, and HL-60 cells .

Ganoderic acid A , a representative active triterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum, exhibits antinociceptive, antioxidative, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities. It has a wide spectrum of targets including nuclear transcription factor-kappaB,activator protein-1,STAT,IL-6,JAK, and p38MAPK.

Sanggenone H may have antiphlogistic activity, it attenuated the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β and inhibited the NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

(R)-goitrin is a 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis. It has a role as an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-goitrin. Epigoitrin and fructopyrano-(1→4)-glucopyranose(FG) from the traditional Chinese medicine Isatidis radix, exhibit in vitro cooperation, they have in vitro anti-virus activity.

Galangin is an agonist/antagonist of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, and also shows inhibition of CYP1A1 activity. Galangin has anti-proliferation, anti-metastatic, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, antiviral, anti-allergic inflammatory,anti-obesity effects; it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vitiligo. Galangin can inhibit Topo I activity and reduce the unwinding rate of single stranded DNNA in tumor cells, which plays an important role in induction of A549 and H46 cell apoptosis. Galangin shows an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with the IC(50) of 120 microM; it also inhibits ERK, NF-κB-p65 and proinflammatory gene expression. Galangin is a 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavone and a 7-hydroxyflavonol.

Schizandrin C isolated from Schisandra chinensis could be used as a natural anti-neuroinflammatory agent, inducing phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes via cAMP/PKA/CREB and Nrf-2 signaling.

Licochalcone A is an estrogenic flavanoid extracted from licorice root, showing antimalarial, antileishmanial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities. It could be a promising strategy in treating osteoporotic weight-bearing bones fractures with defects, and be a useful compound for the development of antibacterial agents for the preservation of foods containing high concentrations of salts and proteases, in which cationic peptides might be less effective.

Monocrotaline is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid.

Genipin is an excellent natural cross-linker for proteins, collagen, gelatin, and chitosan cross-linking, can be used as a regulating agent for drug delivery, as the raw material for gardenia blue pigment preparation. It is a novel chemical activator of EBV lytic cycle and a cell permeable inhibitor of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Genipin has antimicrobial,antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects, it is used for choleretic action for liver diseases control and could be used for the treatment of periodontal disease to prevent MMPs expression in periodontal lesion. It shows an antithrombotic effect in vivo due to the suppression of platelet aggregation. Genipin 1-beta-gentiobioside is a terpene glycoside.

Isobergapten is a plant growth regulating substance, it is the principal constituents responsible for the antimycobacterial activity of the roots of Heracleum maximum; it may form an important class of natural defensive agents against fungi.Isobergapten shows anti-proliferative activity and causes G2/M arrest at concentrations of 0.05-15.0 μM.