Jaceosidin has immunosuppressive, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, it is also a microglial inhibitor with anti-neuroinflammation activity. Jaceosidin modulates the ERK/ATM/Chk1/2 pathway, leading to inactivation of the Cdc2-cyclin B1 complex, followed by G2/M cell cycle arrest in endometrial cancer cells. Jaceosidin inhibits T cell proliferation and activation, which is closely associated with its potent down-regulation of the IFN-γ/STAT1/T-bet signaling pathway. Jaceosidin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone with hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6. Isolated from Salvia tomentosa and Artemisia asiatica, it exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis inducing activties. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-allergic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a dimethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone.

Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monomethoxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a beta-D-glucose and an isorhamnetin.

Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside chloride is a memeber of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside as the cationic counterpart. It contains a cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects.

Chebulagic acid is a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, and is also COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitor. Chebulagic acid may be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals for limiting emerging/ recurring viruses known to engage host cell glycosaminoglycans for entry. Chebulagic acid can be used to control blood glucose and manage type 2 diabetes, although clinical trials are needed.

Schaftoside is a C-glycosyl compound that is apigenin substituted by beta-D-glucopyranosyl and an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl moieties at positions 6 and 8 via C-glycosidic linkages. It has a role as an antioxidant and an antinematodal drug. It is a C-glycosyl compound and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. Schaftoside has antioxidant activity, it also can inhibit phospholipase, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, three pro-inflammatory enzymes.

Scutellarein has antioxidant, antitumor, anti-adipogenic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, it can improve neuronal injury, has better protective effect in rat cerebral ischemia. Scutellarein may serve as a SARS-CoV chemical inhibitor, it also exerts strong inhibition towards the tested UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms. Scutellarein is flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a scutellarein(1-).

(-)-gallocatechin gallate is a gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of ()-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea. It has a role as an EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a catechin, a polyphenol and a gallate ester. It is functionally related to a gallic acid and a (-)-gallocatechin. Gallocatechin gallate has strong antioxidative, and anti-obesity activities, it inhibits 3T3-L1 differentiation and lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation through MAPK and NF-κB signaling; it also may have anti-diabetic effects by increasing sensitivity of insulin. Gallocatechin gallate can decrease osteoclastogenesis at 20 microM, it has positive effects on bone metabolism through a double process of promoting osteoblastic activity and inhibiting osteoclast differentiations.

Rosmarinic acid has antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-lipid peroxidative, apoptotic,and antioxidant activities. It is used for food preservation, and to treat peptic ulcers, arthritis, cataract, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, and several human neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress. Rosmarinic acid has the ability to block complement fixation, inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity and inhibit the expression of CCL11 and CCR3 by suppressing the IKK-β activity in NF-κB activation signaling. It inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT enzymes with IC50s of 50.1, 184.6 and 26.7 μM, respectively. (R)-rosmarinic acid is a stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. It has a role as a geroprotector and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-rosmarinate. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-rosmarinic acid.

Chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound found ubiquitously in plants, is an antioxidant and metal chelator, it has antiviral activity by inhibiting HBV replication, it inhibits the inflammatory reaction in HSE via the suppression of TLR2/TLR9-Myd88 signaling pathways. Some derivatives of chlorogenic acid are hypoglycemic agents and may affect lipid metabolism, chlorogenic acid can improve glucose tolerance, decrease some plasma and liver lipids, and improve mineral pool distribution in vivo. Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a tannin and a cinnamate ester. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate.

Hydroxytyrosol is a member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. Isolated from Olea europaea, it exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, a metabolite and an antineoplastic agent. It is a primary alcohol and a member of catechols. It is functionally related to a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol.

Avenanthramide A is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an avenanthramide A(1-).

Isosteviol possesses various biological activities including anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antifungal,and antioxidant effects.Isosteviol plays a protective role in a variety of stress-induced cardiac diseases, it can prevent the prolongation of action potential in hypertrophied cardiomyoctyes by regulating transient outward potassium and L-type calcium channels.

Beta-carotene is a cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. It has a role as a ferroptosis inhibitor, an antioxidant, a cofactor, a biological pigment, a provitamin A, a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a carotenoid beta-end derivative and a cyclic carotene.

Kaempferol-3-rutinoside is a kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(16)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme. It has a role as a metabolite, a radical scavenger and a plant metabolite. It is a rutinoside, a trihydroxyflavone, a disaccharide derivative and a kaempferol O-glucoside.

Cornuside has immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, it has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl₄-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses.

Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), it has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations. Crocin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-asthma, anti-cancer, and hypolipidemic effects. Crocin improves toxic effects of diazinon via reducing lipid peroxidation and restoring altered contractile and relaxant responses in rat aorta; it also protects retinal photoreceptors against light-induced cell death. Crocin can also promote ovarian cancer HO-8910 cell apoptosis, most likely by increasing p53 and Fas/APO-1 expression, and then activating the apoptotic pathway regulated by Caspase-3. Beta-D-gentiobiosyl beta-D-glucosyl crocetin is a diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucopyranose. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a diester.

Secoisolariciresinol is an enterolignan precursor, it has antioxidant, and estrogen-like activities, it can significantly suppress triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Secoisolariciresinol prevents d-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis through the blocking of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production by activated macrophages and direct inhibition of the apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. (-)-Secoisolariciresinol exerts a suppressive effect on the gain of body weight of mice fed a high-fat diet by inducing gene expression of adiponectin, resulting in the altered expression of various genes related to the synthesis and β-oxidation of fatty acids. (-)-secoisolariciresinol is an enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having ()-(2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-secoisolariciresinol.

Hydroxytyrosol acetate has antibacterial, neuroprotective , antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it can enhance the fluorescent intensity of DNA binding molecules and mediated supercoiled DNA relaxation. Hydroxytyrosol acetate can improve the oxidative events and return pro-inflammatory proteins expression to basal levels probably through JAK/STAT, MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. Hydroxytyrosol acetate and polyphenols hydroxytyrosol administered orally can inhibit platelet aggregation in rats and that a decrease in thromboxane synthesis along with an increase in nitric oxide production contributed to this effect.