Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to abnormally high pressure inside the eye. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent significant vision loss. The condition typically progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, affecting peripheral vision first. Risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure, age, family history, and certain medical conditions like diabetes. Treatment aims to lower eye pressure through medication, laser therapy, or surgery.