Vindoline is a chemical precursor to vinblastine and exhibits antimitotic activity by inhibiting microtubule assembly, it also has anti-ulcer activity. Vindoline can enhance the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in MIN6 cells with the EC50 value of 50.2uM; it has relaxant effects in isolated rat renal arteries, it can dilate renal arteries in vitro through one or more pathways including inhibition of calcium entry,TEA+-sensitive potassium channel or protein kinase pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Vindoline is a methyl ester, a tertiary alcohol, a vinca alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid ester, an acetate ester and a tertiary amino compound. It is a conjugate base of a vindolinium(1+).

Poricoic acid A is a secondary alcohol, a dicarboxylic acid and a tricyclic triterpenoid. It has a role as a fungal metabolite.

Notoginsenoside Ft1 is a novel stimulator of angiogenesis, it stimulates angiogenesis via HIF-1α-mediated VEGF expression, with PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascades concurrently participating in the process; it has the potential therapeutic effect on human neuroblastoma, it can arrest the proliferation and elicited the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells possibly via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways.Notoginsenoside Ft1 activates both glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors to induce endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated relaxations in rat mesenteric arteries. Notoginsenoside Ft1 also provides a great potential application of it in clinics for patients with diabetic foot ulcers, it may accelerate diabetic wound healing by orchestrating multiple processes, including promoting fibroblast proliferation, enhancing angiogenesis, and attenuating inflammatory response.

Damulin A and Damulin B as potential activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which may contribute to beneficial effect of G. pentaphyllum on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Polydatin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer activities, which has favorable potency to develop a hypolipemic and/or hepatoprotective agent in clinic. It is a mitochondria protector for acute severe hemorrhagic shock treatment, the neuronal mitochondrial injury is involved in the genesis of severe shock. Polydatin has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart, the cardioprotection of polydatin is mainly mediated by cNOS which leading to an increase in NO production. Trans-piceid is a stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antioxidant, a metabolite, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a potassium channel modulator, a hepatoprotective agent and a nephroprotective agent. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a polyphenol, a stilbenoid and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a trans-resveratrol.

Alisol G has hCE2 inhibitory effects.

Carboxyatractyloside poisoning causes multiple organ dysfunction and can be fatal, the signs of a poor prognosis including coagulation abnormalities, hyponatraemia, marked hypoglycaemia, icterus and hepatic and renal failure, without antidote. Carboxyatractyloside can induce permeability transition, and that ageing induced mitochondrial DNA disruption and release of cytochrome c; it induces the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on nonspecific membrane permeability.

Carboxyatractyloside poisoning causes multiple organ dysfunction and can be fatal, the signs of a poor prognosis including coagulation abnormalities, hyponatraemia, marked hypoglycaemia, icterus and hepatic and renal failure, without antidote. Carboxyatractyloside can induce permeability transition, and that ageing induced mitochondrial DNA disruption and release of cytochrome c; it induces the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on nonspecific membrane permeability.

Matrine, a novel autophagy inhibitor, possesses anti-inflammation, immunosuppression, anti-fibrotic and anticancer activities, it could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells in vitro by up-regulating Fas/FasL expression and activating caspase-3 enzyme. Matrine can be a potential candidate to fight against Candida-related infections by regulating yeast-to-hypha transition.

25S-Inokosterone and 25R-inokosterone exhibit potent inhibition (80-95% at ) against TNF-expression levels in A23187 plus phorbol-myrisrate acetate-induced RBL-2H3 cells, they have excellent anti-atopy activity, thus they could be used to a large range of functional anti-atopy cosmetics.