Camelliaside B is a natural product from Camellia oleifera Abel. Camelliaside b is a glycoside and a member of flavonoids.

Alliin is an L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial agent, a neuroprotective agent, a plant metabolite and a cardioprotective agent. It is a sulfoxide, an olefinic compound, a L-cysteine derivative, a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid and a L-alanine derivative. It is a tautomer of an alliin zwitterion. Alliin has antiglycating potential , it offers protection against glucose or methyglyoxal induced glycation of superoxide dismutase, hence is expected to have therapeutic potential in the prevention of glycation-mediated diabetic complications. Alliin has anti-inflammatory activity, it protects against Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by activating PPARγ, which subsequently inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory response; alliin has an inhibitory effect in osteoclasteogenesis with a dose-dependent manner via blocking the c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling pathway, it could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. Alliin and sabinene have detectable levels of antimicrobial activity. Alliin， Oral active sulfoxide compounds can be isolated from garlic, which have hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities.

Trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a cinnamate ester and a cyclitol carboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate. Neochlorogenic acid shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antipyretic activities and exerts neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways in activated microglia. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF - α and IL-1 β. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits the activation of phosphorylated NF - κ B p65 and p38 MAPK.

Eleutheroside E is a glycoside and a lignan.

Geraniin is a TNF-α releasing inhibitor with numerous activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, has anti-oxidant , and anti-hyperglycemic activities, with an IC50 of 43 μM. Geraniin presents radioprotective effects by regulating DNA damage on splenocytes, exerting immunostimulatory capacities and inhibiting apoptosis of radiosensitive immune cells and jejunal crypt cells. Geraniin induces Nrf2-mediated expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO1, presumably via PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby protecting cells from H2O2-induced oxidative cell death.

Licoflavone A is a member of flavones.

Eriocitrin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a rutinoside, a trihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Eriocitrin is powerful antioxidative flavonoid, it can prevent oxidative damages caused by acute exercise-induced oxidative stress, it also has lipid-lowering effect in rats on a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Eriocitrin is a potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase VA isozyme.

1-Hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-2,8-diprenylxanthone is a member of xanthones. Fuscaxanthone C is a natural product from Garcinia mangostana.

Oleuropein is a secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). Oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, hypolipidemic, in vitro antimycoplasmal , anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects., it also may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress. Oleuropein prevents oxidative myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion, and reduces viremia in duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks. Oleuropein reduces TLR and MAPK signaling.

Flavanomarein demonstrates potent antioxidative property, including free radical scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as well as lipid‑lowering effects in human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with free fatty acids (FFAs).

Sulforaphane is a cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanate with promising antitumor, chemopreventive and therapeutic activities, it inhibits TPA-induced NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression in MCF-10A cells by blocking two distinct signaling pathways mediated by ERK1/2-IKKα and NAK-IKKβ. Sulforaphane may exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cholinergic deficit and cognitive impairment, it also has anti-inflammatory effect, at least ,in part,associated with interfering with the NF-κB pathway. (R)-sulforaphane is a sulforaphane in which the sulfinyl group has R configuration. Naturally occurring compound found in brocolli that acts as a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes. It is an enantiomer of a (S)-sulforaphane.

7-O-Methylmangiferin is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia.

(+)-Pteryxin has muscle-relaxant props, it also shows hepatoprotective and nitric oxide prodn. inhibitory activity.

Clerosterol as a precursor of cyasterone, isocyasterone and 29-norcyasterone in biosynthesis of phytoecdysteroids of Ajuga hairy roots. Clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis. Clerosterol is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane.

Epiberberine, a natural protoberberine alkaloid, is a potent inhibitor against both ureases with IC50 values of 3.0±0.01μM for HPU (ureases from Helicobacter pylori) and 2.3±0.01μM for JBU (ureases from jack bean); it also exhibits predominant cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory effects with IC(50) values ranging between 0.44-1.07 microM for AChE and 3.32-6.84 microM for BChE. Epiberberine has anti-adipogenic effect is mediated by downregulation of the Raf/MEK1/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Epiberberine also ha anti-alzheimer and antioxidant activities.

Malonyldaidzin is a glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a 6-O-(carboxyacetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a malonate ester, a hydroxyisoflavone, a monosaccharide derivative and a glycosyloxyisoflavone. It is functionally related to a daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.

Brassinolide is a brassinosteroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid and a 23-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as a plant growth stimulator and a plant hormone.

Kakkalide is a potent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor, it has anti-inflammatory effects. Kakkalide can inhibit ROS-associated inflammation and ameliorated insulin-resistant endothelial dysfunction by beneficial effects on IRS-1 function.Kakkalide attenuates ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice by inhibiting the infiltration of neutrophils, it also shows protective effects on ethanol-induced lethality and hepatic injury are dependent on its biotransformation by human intestinal microflora.