Timosaponin A-III is a natural product found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides. It has a role as a metabolite.

1,6,6-trimethyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-naphtho[1,2-g]benzofuran-10,11-dione is an abietane diterpenoid.

1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose is a galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antineoplastic agent, a radical scavenger, a hepatoprotective agent, a radiation protective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a galloyl beta-D-glucose and a gallate ester. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose(1-).

Trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a cinnamate ester and a cyclitol carboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a trans-caffeic acid and a (-)-quinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate. Neochlorogenic acid shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antipyretic activities and exerts neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways in activated microglia. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF - α and IL-1 β. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits the activation of phosphorylated NF - κ B p65 and p38 MAPK.

Moracin O shows significant neuroprotective, and analgesic activities, it also has a strong protective influence against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in H9c2 cells with the EC50 value of 4.5 ± 1.3 uM. Moracin O exhibits potent in vitro inhibitory activity against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), which is a key mediator during adaptation of cancer cells to tumour hypoxia.

Catalpol is a kind of enzyme inhibitors, it has been shown to have antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and other neuroprotective properties and plays a role in neuroprotection against hypoxic/ischemic injury, AD and PD in both in vivo and in vitro models.Catalpol regulates cholinergic nerve system function through effect on choline acetyl-transferase not M receptor affinity, it has a wide spectrum of targets including Bcl-2 , PI3K, Akt-eNOS, caspase. Catalpol is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite.

Alpha-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Alpha-Amyrin is trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor,it has antineoplastic,it induces proliferation of human keratinocytes.Alpha-Amyrin can as a hepatomodulatory potent to feasibility for a promising liver curative drug.

Timosaponin AI can inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in a dose-dependent manner, the DPP-4 inhibitor has been clinically used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Neoeriocitrin is a flavanone glycoside that is eriodictyol substituted by a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a neohesperidoside, a trihydroxyflavanone, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Neoeriocitrin has antioxidant capacity, it could rescue the inhibition effect of cell differentiation induced by PD98059 to some degree.Neoeriocitrin may be a new promising candidate drug for treatment of osteoporosis.

(+)-Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene used for analgesia and anaesthesia in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, it and its enantiomer (-)-borneol have a highly efficacious positive modulating action at GABA(A) receptors at human recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA(A) receptors. Borneol specifically inhibits the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated effects in a noncompetitive way, can depress P-glycoprotein function by a NF-κB signaling mediated mechanism in a blood brain barrier in vitro model. Borneol has neuroprotection through the inhibition of IκBα-NF-κB and translocation signaling pathway, it also has an anti-cerebral ischemia effects. It can suppresse inflammatory responses in LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. (+)-borneol is a borneol. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-borneol.

Marein shows neuroprotective effect on PC12 cell damage induced by methylglyoxal, which is due to a reduction of damage to mitochondria function and activation of the AMPK signal pathway, it may be a potent compound for preventing/counteracting diabetic encephalopathy. Marein can improve insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein shows antioxidant activity, it shows Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) inhibitory activity and it also can inhibit TNFα-induced NF-κB activation.

Solasonine displays leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Solasonine is a steroid, an azaspiro compound and an oxaspiro compound.

Eriocitrin is a disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a rutinoside, a trihydroxyflavanone, a member of 3'-hydroxyflavanones, a disaccharide derivative and a flavanone glycoside. It is functionally related to an eriodictyol. Eriocitrin is powerful antioxidative flavonoid, it can prevent oxidative damages caused by acute exercise-induced oxidative stress, it also has lipid-lowering effect in rats on a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Eriocitrin is a potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase VA isozyme.

1-Hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-2,8-diprenylxanthone is a member of xanthones. Fuscaxanthone C is a natural product from Garcinia mangostana.

Methyl Gallate is a plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities.Methyl gallate is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus in vitro. Methyl gallate also has a dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Methyl gallate can inhibit the growth of oral pathogens and S. mutans biofilm formation, and may be used to prevent the formation of oral biofilms. Methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is a gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a role as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite.

Genkwanin has antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, it enhances host immunity, decreases the inflammatory cytokine levels, and regulates the miR-101/MKP-1/MAPK pathway.Genkwanin may have anti-skin ageing activity, it can up-regulate the transcriptional activation of human type vii collagen gene promoter, stimulating the formation of anchoring fibrils at the basement membrane zone in skin contributed to preventing skin ageing; it also induces a decrease of melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity, it could as skin whitening agent in cosmetic preparations. Genkwanin is a monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a monomethoxyflavone and a dihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to an apigenin. It is a conjugate acid of a genkwanin(1-).