Timosaponin A-III is a natural product found in Anemarrhena asphodeloides. It has a role as a metabolite.

1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose is a galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions. It has a role as a geroprotector, an antineoplastic agent, a radical scavenger, a hepatoprotective agent, a radiation protective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a plant metabolite. It is a galloyl beta-D-glucose and a gallate ester. It is a conjugate acid of a 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose(1-).

Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Red ginseng, it inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively, it also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression. Ginsenoside-Rg3 possesses an ability to inhibit the lung metastasis of tumor cells, and the mechanism of its antimetastatic effect is related to inhibition of the adhesion and invasion of tumor cells, and also to anti-angiogenesis activity. It is a novel drug, capable of inhibiting the early of scarring (HS) and later HS. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is a ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.

11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid, a novel Nrf2 activator, and a selective 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor; it exerts dose dependent cardioprotective effect manifested by dose-dependent reduction in serum lactate dehydrogenase; and it can increase the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, which provides protection against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced oxidative insult. 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid possesses significant anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral activities. 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid acid derived from the oil resin of the bark of the Boswellia serrate tree, commonly known as Indian Frankincense. 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid has anti-inflammatory activity, mainly due to its inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), leukotriene, NF - κ B activation, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.

Aconine is a diterpene alkaloid with formula C25H41NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. It has a role as a xenobiotic, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, a plant metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is a diterpene alkaloid, a tertiary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, a bridged compound, a pentol, an organic heteropolycyclic compound, a polyether and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an aconitane. Aconine can inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells by suppressing NF-κB and NFATc1 activation and DC-STAMP expression. Aconine can attenuate hepatic fat degeneration of rats with fatty liver induced by high-fat diet through decreasing TG,TC deposit in liver. Aconine inhibits NF - κ B activation induced by ligands of nuclear factor kappa B receptor activators.

6-Shogaol has anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects, it can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis. 6-Shogaol induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in relation to caspase activation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, affects the ER stress signaling by regulating unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor PERK and its downstream target eIF2α.

20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is a ginsenoside found in Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-R positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a glycoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a ginsenoside.

Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane substituted by a carboxy group at position 28 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Vateria indica and exhibits anti-angiogenic activity. It has a role as a metabolite and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a monocarboxylic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a triol. It is a conjugate acid of an asiatate. It derives from a hydride of an ursane. Asiatic acid shows antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumorigenesis effects, it inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, NO and COX-2 signals. Asiatic acid inhibits the expression NDR1/2 kinase and promotes the stability of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein through attenuating NDR1/2 dependent phosphorylation of p21WAF1/CIP1 in HepG2 cells. Asiatic acid， It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in Centella asiatica, which has anti-cancer activity. Asiatic acid can induce apoptosis in melanoma cells and has a barrier protective effect on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - α. Asiatic acid also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF - κ B pathway, effectively suppressing inflammation in rats, and has neuroprotective effects in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model.

Chikusetsusaponin IVa is a novel AMPK activator, can induce insulin secretion from βTC3 cells via GPR40 mediated calcium and PKC pathways, may be developed into a new potential for therapeutic agent used in T2DM patients.Chikusetsusaponin IVa exerts antithrombotic effects, including minor hemorrhagic events. Chikusetsusaponin-IVa is a triterpenoid saponin. It has a role as a metabolite.

Bacopaside II is a potential anti-angiogenic agent, it can reduce endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis and induce apoptosis. Bacopaside II shows antioxidant and antidepressant activities, it can inhibit both basal activity as well as verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity, suggesting its affinity towards P-gp.

Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin obtained from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rh4 activates Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Ginsenoside Rh4 also induces autophagy. Ginsenoside Rh4 could be safely used as adjuvant with low or non-haemolytic effect; it has cytotoxic activity and its aglycone against cancer cell lines.

Astragaloside I is a triterpenoid saponin that is cycloastragenol glycosylated at positions 3 and 6 by 2,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, a member of oxolanes, a triterpenoid saponin and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a cycloastragenol. Astragaloside Ι may protect the cerebral tissue against the free radical damage in ischemia and inhibit the activation of BV-2 cells induced by LPS through suppressing the activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. It stimulates osteoblast differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which also activates the BMP pathway and RANK pathway.

Glaucocalyxin A could potentially be developed as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent, can inhibit platelet p-selectin secretion and integrin activation by convulxin, is a GPVI selective ligand. Glaucocalyxin A has regulation of microglia activity, can attenuate lipopolysaccharide -stimulated neuroinflammation through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Glaucocalyxin A may become a potential anti-fibrotic agent in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) management, it can effectively ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis through the antagonism of leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production.

Bayogenin, arjunolic acid, hederagonic acid and 4-epi-hederagonic acid are gly-cogen phosphorylase inhibitors with moderate potency. Bayogenin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

8-Gingerol is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a beta-hydroxy ketone. 8-Gingerol is one of the principal components of ginger, which is widely used in China and elsewhere as a food, spice and herb, it has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and skin-whitening activities. It suppresses cellular tyrosinase activity and decrease melanin content, inhibits the expression of MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2, decreases intracellular RS and ROS levels in B16F10 and B16F1 cells, inhibits melanogenesis by down-regulation of MAPK, PKA signaling pathway. 8-gingerol can be found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) and has oral activity, activating TRPV1 with an EC50 value of 5.0 µ M. 8-gingerol inhibits COX-2 and also suppresses the growth of H. pylori in vitro. Meanwhile, 8-gingerol has anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by suppressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and regulating its downstream STAT3/ERK pathway. 8-gingerol can also exert immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. In addition, 8-gingerol has cardioprotective effects and is expected to be used in research in the fields of cancer, infection, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular disease.

Bakuchiol possesses anti-tumor, cytotoxic, anti-bacterial , and anti-helmenthic properties, it shows DNA polymerase1 inhibiting activity. Bakuchiol has great potential for use in food additives and mouthwash for preventing and treating dental caries.

3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid exhibits anti-angiogenic effects, it inhibits proliferation, migration and tube formation of umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner; it can inhibit VEGF-A-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in an oral squamous cell carcinoma animal model. 3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid. 3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid is a type of oleanolic acid extracted from Vigna sinensis K. seeds, which can induce cancer cell apoptosis and has anti angiogenic effects.

Arctigenin is a lignan. Arctigenin has anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, antioxidative , neuroprotection, and endurance enhancement effects; it efficiently enhances rat swimming endurance by elevation of the antioxidant capacity of the skeletal muscles, which has thereby highlighted the potential of this natural product as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue and related diseases. Arctigenin as a potent indirect activator of AMPK via inhibition of respiratory complex I, with beneficial effects on metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice, this highlights the potential value of arctigenin as a possible treatment of type 2 diabetes. Arctiin is an orally active NF - κ B inhibitor. Arctiin inhibits the expression of cyclin D1 protein in human tumor cells. Arctiin can also reduce levels of malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Arctiin can be used for the study of glomerulonephritis.