Calenduloside E, a potent anti-apoptotic agent, has anti-tumour and anti-angiogenic activities, it can protect against ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury in our previous reports. Calenduloside E has anti-inflammary activity, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by blocking ROS-mediated activation of JAK1-stat3 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Calenduloside E analogues provide protection to H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, most likely via anti-apoptotic mechanism. Oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid is a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. It is functionally related to an oleanolic acid.

Plantainoside D shows potent antioxidative effects as those of ascorbic acid, it shows angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC(50) value of 2.17 mM, it also shows inhibitory activity against PKCalpha with the IC50 value (in microM) of 14.8. Plantainoside D protects adriamycin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiac muscle cells via the inhibition of ROS generation and NF-kappaB activation.

5-O-Demethylnobiletin is an ether and a member of flavonoids. 5-0-Demethylnobiletin has anti-inflammatory activity, it may act through a direct inhibition of 5-LOX, without affecting the expression of COX-2. 5-O-Demethylnobiletin is a multi methoxyflavone isolated from Citrus jambhiri Lush. It is a direct inhibitor of 5-LOX (IC50=0.1 μ M) and does not affect the expression of COX-2. 5-O-Demethylnobiletin has anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the formation of leukotriene B (4) (LTB4) in rat neutrophils and the release of elastase in human neutrophils, with an IC50 value of 0.35 μ M

Ganoderic acid D treatment for 48h inhibits the proliferation of HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells with an IC(50) value of 17.3 +/- 0.3 microM.