Alismoxide shows an inhibitory effect on the contraction of isolated bladder smooth muscle induced by carbachol; it demonstrates cytostatic action in HeLa cells, revealing potential use in virostatic cocktails. Alismoxide has inhibitory effects on vascular contraction induced by high concentration of KCl; it also shows an inhibitory effect on the direct passive Arthus reaction (DPAR) in rats in the type III allergic model. Alismoxide is a natural compound.

Chebulagic acid is a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor, and is also COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitor. Chebulagic acid may be of value as broad-spectrum antivirals for limiting emerging/ recurring viruses known to engage host cell glycosaminoglycans for entry. Chebulagic acid can be used to control blood glucose and manage type 2 diabetes, although clinical trials are needed.

Schisantherin A, B, C, and D show good effect in lowering the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase level of the patients suffering from chronic virus hepatitis.

Atractylenolide III, a potential house dust mite control agent, has neuroprotection, gastroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, it also may control immunological reactions by regulating the cellular functions of IL-6 in mast cells. It inhibited nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mouse macrophages, and inhibited Lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF- α and NO production in macrophages. Atractylenolide III is a natural product found in Atractylodes lancea. It has a role as a metabolite.

Dihydroartemisinin is widely used as an intermediate in the preparation of other artemisinin-derived antimalarial drugs, recommended as the first-line anti-malarial drug with low toxicity. Dihydroartemisinin has anticancer activity, it inhibited cell proliferation via AKT/GSK3β/cyclinD1/ERK pathway and induced apoptosis is associated with inhibition of Sarco/Endoplasmic reticulum Calcium ATPase activity in colorectal cancer.

Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside is a quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. It is a sophoroside and a tetrahydroxyflavone. It is a conjugate acid of a quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside(1-).

Emodin has neuroprotective and antidepressant activity, can up-regulate GR and BDNF levels in hippocampus; it also has significant anti-neoplastic activity against bladder cancer cells and myeloid leukemia, by suppressing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), iNOS and COX-2 expression. Emodin has protective effects, may be related to the inhibition of CCL5 expression and subsequent cell stress/inflammatory events possibly mediated by activation of MAPK signaling pathways. Emodin anthrone is a member of the class of anthracenones that is anthracen-9(10H)-one which carries a methyl group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 8, respectively. It is an intermediate precursor in the synthesis of hypericin. It has a role as a fungal metabolite. It is an anthracenone and a member of phenols.

Ganoderone A is a tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 5alpha-lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 7. Isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits against herpes simplex virus. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-HSV-1 agent. It is a primary alcohol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid and a diketone. It derives from a hydride of a lanostane. Ganoderone A exhibits potent inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus. Ganoderone A exhibits strong inhibitory activities against Vero cells (IC50 is 0.3 ug/mL); it also has inhibition against cancer cell lines K562, SW620, and HL60, the 50% inhibiting concentration( IC50) are 9. 61, 22. 38, 7. 14 mg/L, respectively.

Dehydroandrographolide is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor and possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-hepatitis activity. It possesses activity against HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 22.58 uM and low SI values of 8.7 ; it can alleviate oxidative stress in LPS-induced acute lung injury possibly by inactivating iNOS.

8-Gingerol is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a beta-hydroxy ketone. 8-Gingerol is one of the principal components of ginger, which is widely used in China and elsewhere as a food, spice and herb, it has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and skin-whitening activities. It suppresses cellular tyrosinase activity and decrease melanin content, inhibits the expression of MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2, decreases intracellular RS and ROS levels in B16F10 and B16F1 cells, inhibits melanogenesis by down-regulation of MAPK, PKA signaling pathway. 8-gingerol can be found in the rhizomes of ginger (Z. officinale) and has oral activity, activating TRPV1 with an EC50 value of 5.0 µ M. 8-gingerol inhibits COX-2 and also suppresses the growth of H. pylori in vitro. Meanwhile, 8-gingerol has anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by suppressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and regulating its downstream STAT3/ERK pathway. 8-gingerol can also exert immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. In addition, 8-gingerol has cardioprotective effects and is expected to be used in research in the fields of cancer, infection, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular disease.

Betulonic acid is a triterpenoid. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.

Bruceine B is a triterpenoid.

Gingerol is a beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of guaiacols and a beta-hydroxy ketone. 6-Gingerol possesses anti-adipogenic, anti-tumorigenic, anti-invasive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic activities, it stimulates apoptosis through upregulation of NAG-1 and G1 cell cycle arrest through downregulation of cyclin D1, multiple mechanisms appear to be involved in 6-gingerol action, including protein degradation as well as β-catenin, PKCε, and GSK-3β pathways. 6-Gingerol can effectively suppress adipogenesis and that it exerts its role mainly through the significant down-regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα and subsequently inhibits FAS and aP2 expression, also inhibit differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells by attenuating the Akt/GSK3β pathway.

Arteannuin B and artemisinic acid are biogenetic precursors of artemisinin, an important antimalarial produced by the herb Artemisia annua, they are active against different bacteria and certain fungal species. Arteannuin B has potential antimalarialand antitumor activity.

Alpha-terpineol is a terpineol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl group at position 2. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Alpha-Terpineol has antitumour, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, it inhibits the growth of tumour cells through a mechanism that involves inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway; it can suppress the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated human macrophages by interfering with the NF-kB, p38 or ERK MAPK pathways. Alpha-Terpineol may have utility as an anti-MRSA cleansing agent for dental instruments and dental unit chairs. Alpha Terpineol can be found in Eucalyptus globulus Labill and has oral activity. Alpha Terpineol has strong antibacterial activity against periodontal disease and cariogenic bacteria. In addition, α - Terpineol also has antifungal activity (T. mentagrophytes), which may lead to irreversible cell division. Meanwhile, α - Terpineol has anti neuropathic and anti-inflammatory activities. Alpha Terpineol can be used for research in areas such as diarrhea, neuropathic pain, infection, inflammation, metabolism, etc.

10-Gingerol is a monomethoxybenzene, a member of phenols and a beta-hydroxy ketone. 10-Gingerol is an AMPK agonist found in fresh ginger rhizome oil resin, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol inhibits neointimal hyperplasia and suppresses the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The IC50 value of 10-Gingerol for DPPH radical scavenging activity is 10.47 μ M, for superoxide radical scavenging activity is 1.68 μ M, and for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity is 1.35 μ M. 10 Gingerol has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line, with an IC50 value of 12.1 μ M. 10-Gingerol inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion, and induces apoptosis by targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. 10-Gingerol is expected to be used in research on ulcerative colitis. 10-Gingerol has anti-cancer, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-bacterial effects, it effectively inhibits the growth of the oral pathogens, and inhibits exogenous ghrelin deacylation.10-Gingerol induces [Ca2+]i rise by causing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx from non-L-type Ca2+ channels in SW480 cancer cells.10-Gingerol-induced apoptosis was accompanied by phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) family, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK (p38), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).

Atractylenolide III, a potential house dust mite control agent, has neuroprotection, gastroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, it also may control immunological reactions by regulating the cellular functions of IL-6 in mast cells. It inhibited nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mouse macrophages, and inhibited Lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF- α and NO production in macrophages.