Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2, a hydroxy substituent at position 3 and two methyl groups at positions 9 and 13. An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Potently inhibits lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NFB activation. Also shown to inhibit topoisomerase II activity in vitro (IC50 = 7.41 M). Celastrol is a potent proteasome inhibitor for the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. Celastrol is also a novel HSP90 inhibitor, it has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor , antiangiogenesis, and antioxidant activities. Celastrol inhibits Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and inhibits VEGF receptors expression.

Deacetylasperulosidic acid inhibits the reduction of ear swelling, and also cancels the suppression of IL-2 production along with the activation of natural killer cells in the same manner as that of Noni-ext. Deacetylasperulosidic acid may increase catalase activity.

Ingenol mebutate is a tetracyclic diterpenoid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoic (angelic) acid with the 3-hydroxy group of ingenol. Used for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a carboxylic ester, a cyclic terpene ketone and a tetracyclic diterpenoid. It is functionally related to an angelic acid and an ingenol. Ingenol derivatives inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines, formulating novel derivatives from Ingenol esters may be an innovative approach to develop new lead compounds to reactivate latent HIV. Ingenol mebutate is an effective treatment for actinic keratosis.

Cinnamtannin B-1 is a proanthocyanidin found in Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a plant metabolite.