Marein shows neuroprotective effect on PC12 cell damage induced by methylglyoxal, which is due to a reduction of damage to mitochondria function and activation of the AMPK signal pathway, it may be a potent compound for preventing/counteracting diabetic encephalopathy. Marein can improve insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein shows antioxidant activity, it shows Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) inhibitory activity and it also can inhibit TNFα-induced NF-κB activation.

Steviolbioside is a beta-D-glucoside that is steviolmonoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucoside moiety has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside. It has a role as an antitubercular agent, a sweetening agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monocarboxylic acid, a bridged compound, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid, a tetracyclic diterpenoid and a diterpene glycoside. It is functionally related to a steviolmonoside. Steviolbioside is a natural sweetener, it presents notable inhibition on human hepatocarcinoma cell Hep3B, human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and human pancreatic cancer cell BxPC-3, thus, steviolbioside could be a potential remedy for human breast cancer. Steviolbioside also exhibits moderate antituberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis strain H37RV in vitro.

Inulicin is a terpene lactone.

Stevioside is a safe natural sweetener, has no allergic reactions, suited for both diabetics, and PKU patients, as well as for obese persons intending to lose weight by avoiding sugar supplements in the diet. Stevioside enjoys a dual positive effect by acting as an antihyperglycemic and a blood pressure-lowering substance, it may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.Stevioside exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties by inhibiting the release of cytokines and the activation of TLR2 and proteins of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as caspase-3 and Bax. Stevioside is a diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.

Momordicoside A is a 3-hydroxy steroid, a steroid saponin and a disaccharide derivative. Momordicoside A has the inhibition effect on PIP1B.

13-Methylberberine shows anti-adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, it has potential as an anti-obesity drug. It also can be useful as an immunotherapeutic compound for induction of IL-12, which is potentially applicable for tumors, infectious disease, and airway inflammation. 13-Methylberberine may reduce circulating HMGB1 levels and increase survival in a mouse model of sepsis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Isomogroside V is a mogroside and a beta-D-glucoside. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

Mogroside IE is a mogroside that is mogrol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a mogroside, a beta-D-glucoside and a monosaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a mogrol. Mogroside V is a widely used sweetener, has in vitro AMPK activating effect, it also has anti-inflammatory potential in murine macrophages and a murine ear edema model, and has the potential to protect against LPS-induced airway inflammation in a model of ALI.